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.................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter I To What Extent Forms of Government are a Matter of Choice ............................................................. 5 Chapter II The Criterion of a Good Form of Government ............................................................................

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...Considerations on Representative Government By JOHN STUART MILL A P ENN S TATE E LECTRONIC C LASSICS S ERIES... ...LECTRONIC C LASSICS S ERIES P UBLICATION Considerations on Representative Government by John Stuart Mill is a publication of the Pennsylvania State... ...s an electronic transmission, in any way. Considerations on Representative Government by John Stuart Mill , the Pennsylvania State University, Electr... ......................................214 4 Considerations on Representative Government Considerations on Representative Government By JOHN STUART MILL ... ...oice atter of Choice atter of Choice ALL SPECULATIONS concerning forms of government bear the impress, more or less exclusive, of two conflicting the... ...conflicting conceptions of what political institutions are. By some minds, government is conceived as strictly a prac tical art, giving rise to no qu... ...l art, giving rise to no questions but those of means and an end. Forms of government are assimilated to any other expedients for the attainment of hu... ...either to make them or not, and how or on what pattern they shall be made. Government, according to this concep tion, is a problem, to be worked like... ...ov ernments are required to promote. The next, is to inquire what form of government is best fitted to fulfill those pur poses. Having satisfied our...

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...The Two Treatises of Civil Government is a work of political philosophy published anonymously in 1689 by John Locke. The First Treatise is an extended attack on Sir Robert Filmer's Patriarcha , which argued for a divinely-ordained, hereditary, absolute...

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...Problems in American Democracy is a very detailed, specific explanation of some of the underlying and surface problems of a democracy system of government, particularly of the American form of democracy. Though lengthy, it is a great read for people who want to learn more about different types of government and the foundations of our own government in the United Stat...

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...owever much information of the sightings of UFOs in 1947 can be gleaned from these communications which were primarily between the FBI and other U.S. Government and military organizations. It should be noted that the U.S. Air Force only became a separate entity in 1947, having split from the U.S. Army at that time. And they became very busy times for the fledgling military...

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...hereof. The European Council shall bring together the Heads of State or of Government of the Member States and the President of the Commission. They s... ...all respect the national identities of its Member States, whose systems of government are founded on the principles of democracy. 2. The Union shall r... ...nal central banks”) in favour of Community institutions or bodies, central governments, regional, local or other public authorities, other bodies gove... ...stablishing privileged access by Community institutions or bodies, central governments, regional, local or other public authorities, other bodies gove... ...The Community shall not be liable for or assume the commitments of central governments, regional, local 27 The Maastrict Treaty or other public autho... ...A Member State shall not be liable for or assume the commitment of central governments, regional, local or other public authorities, other bodies gove... ...all monitor the development of the budgetary situation and of the stock of government debt in the Member States with a view to identifying gross error... ...the ratio remains close to the ref- erence value; (b) whether the ratio of government debt to gross do- mestic product exceeds a reference value, unle... ...ort. The report of the Commission shall also take into account whether the government 28 The Maastrict Treaty deficit exceeds government investment e...

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...to command and women are under an obligation obey, or that men are fit for government and women unfit, on the affirmative side of the question, and th... ... of a conscientious comparison between different modes of constituting the government of society; if, after trying various other modes of social organ... ...f society; if, after trying various other modes of social organisation—the government of women over men, equality between the two, and such mixed and ... ...en over men, equality between the two, and such mixed and divided modes of government as might be in vented—it had been decided, on the testimony of ... ...are. Some will object, that a comparison cannot fairly be made between the government of the male sex and the forms of unjust power which I have adduc... ...f absolute monarchy have always affirmed it to be the only natural form of government; issuing from the patriarchal, which was the primitive and spont... ...ideal of character is the very opposite to that of men; not self will, and government by self control, but submission, and yielding to the control of ... ...dern improvements, diametrically oppo site doctrines now prevail. Law and government do not undertake to prescribe by whom any social or industrial o... ...opinion of those who know them, are not better judges than the law and the government, of their own capacities and vocation; the world cannot The Subj...

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...n for the public interest; as in making a selection among candidates for a Government employment. Impartiality, in short, as an obligation of justice,... ... inexpedient, think it unjust also. 50 Utilitarianism Whoever thinks that government is necessary, sees no injus tice in as much inequality as is co... ...ually afford it or not. Since the protection (it might be said) of law and government is afforded to, and is equally required by, all, there is no inj... ...h would be far better able to protect themselves, in the absence of law or government, than the poor, and indeed would probably be successful in conve...

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...ivil Disobedience (Resistance to Civil Government) is an essay by American transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau that was first published in 1849. In it, Thoreau argues that individuals should not permit governments to overrule or atrophy their consciences, and th...

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...sets forth, in his characteristically brazen and iconoclastic manner, the case for direct democracy, while simultaneously casting every other form of government as illegitimate and tantamount to slavery. Often hailed as a revolutionary document which sparked the French Revolution, The Social Contract serves both to inculcate dissatisfaction with actually-existing governmen...

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...ntified with a state of nature and the famous motto Bellum omnium contra omnes (the war of all against all) - could only be averted by strong central government. He thus denied any right of rebellion toward the social contract. However, Hobbes did discuss the possible dissolution of the State. Since the social contract was made to institute a state that would provide for t...

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...Excerpt: To the People of the State of New York: After an unequivocal experience of the inefficacy of the subsisting federal government, you are called upon to deliberate on a new Constitution for the United States of America. The subject speaks its own importance; comprehending in its consequences nothing less than the existence of the union, the ...

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...er an unequivocal experience of the inefficacy of the sub- sisting federal government, you are called upon to deliberate on a new Constitution for the... ... whether so- cieties of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined... ... empire into several partial con- federacies than from its union under one government. It is not, however, my design to dwell upon observations of thi... ... of their invectives. An enlightened zeal for the energy and efficiency of government will be stigmatized as the off- spring of a temper fond of despo... ...istrust. On the other hand, it will be equally forgotten that the vigor of government is es- sential to the security of liberty; that, in the contempl... ... under the forbidden appearance of zeal for the firmness and efficiency of government. History will teach us that the former has been found a much mor... ...ncy of the present confederation to preserve that union The necessity of a government at least equally energetic with the one proposed, to the attainm... ...ormity of the proposed constitution to the true prin- ciples of republican government Its analogy to your own state constitution and lastly, The addit... ...ty which its adoption will af- ford to the preservation of that species of government, to liberty, and toproperty. In the progress of this discussion ...

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... background and financial means are mysterious. Is he really a gentleman? Meanwhile, Plantagenet Palliser becomes Prime Minister of a shaky coalition government, and Glencora and Madame Goessler are busy with the ensuing social obligations. (Summary by Karen Merline)...

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...ution of the United States, and not only a crime against the whole spirit of our Federal system, but a crime against the first principles of rational government. Writing only two years after Prohibition began, he correctly predicts many of its disastrous consequences, such as runaway bootlegging and organized crime. The book is both a passionate defense of liberty, and a r...

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... Rizal. It was originally written in Spanish, and first published in Germany in 1887. Noli Me Tangere exposed the corruption and abuse of the Spanish government and clergy towards the Philippine people and the ills of the Philippine society. This novel, and its sequel El Filibusterismo were banned in many parts of the Islands. Rizal was later arrested for inciting rebellio...

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...0, was precipitated by events in August 2008, when US forces bombed the Afghan village of Azizabad. This gave rise to a public dispute between the US Government and the United Nations about the level of fatalities caused by the attack and about whether those killed had been civilians or Taliban-linked insurgents. Allegations soon emerged that the attack had been based on f...

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... Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the c... ...ir just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People... ...is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such prin ciples and organizing its p... ...English Laws in a neighbouring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarg ing its Boundaries so as to render it at once an ex... ...shing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamen tally the Forms of our Governments: For suspending our own Legislatures, and de claring themselves... ...with Power to leg islate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War again...

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...imes this contest was between subjects, or some classes of subjects, and the government. By liberty, was meant protection against the tyranny of the p... ...politi cal rulers. The rulers were conceived (except in some of the popular governments of Greece) as in a nec essarily antagonistic position to the... ...way alone, it seemed, could they have complete secu rity that the powers of government would never be abused to their disadvantage. By degrees, this ... ...ich, it still appar ently predominates. Those who admit any limit to what a government may do, except in the case of such governments as they think o... ...eed to limit their power over themselves, might seem axiomatic, when popular government was a thing only dreamed about, or read of as having existed a... ...t powerful members of the community of nations; and elective and responsible government became subject to the observations and criticisms which wait u... ... upon a great existing fact. It was now perceived that such phrases as “self government,” and “the power of the people over themselves,” do not expres... ...t always the same people with those over whom it is exercised, and the “self government” spoken of, is not the govern ment of each by himself, but of... ...against any other abuse of power. The limitation, therefore, of the power of government over individuals, loses none of its im portance when the hold...

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... nity offered, to give me explanations and ideas respecting civilization, government, morality , mental cultivation, which he required me afterwards ... ...read them of myself: among other’s Millar’s Historical View of the English Government, a book of great merit for its time, and which he highly valued;... ...myself was something serious. This was no less than a History of the Roman Government, compiled (with the assistance of Hooke) from Livy and Dionysius... ... mercial privileges he was unqualifiedly hostile, and on the acts of whose government he had made so many severe com ments: though, in various parts ... ... mony in their favour, which he felt to be their just due, namely, that no Government had on the whole given so much proof, to the extent of its light... ... of good intention towards its subjects; and that if the acts of any other Government had the light of publicity as completely let in upon them, they ... ...decision of character gave him, with superiors who really desired the good government of India, enabled him to a great extent to throw into his drafts... ...y of a Good and an Evil Principle, strug gling against each other for the government of the universe, he would not have equally condemned; and I have... ...n. He would sometimes say that if life were made what it might be, by good government and good education, it would be worth having: but he never spoke...

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...ependent, or but loosely connected provinces, with separate interests, laws, governments and systems of taxation, became lumped together into one nati... ...ts and systems of taxation, became lumped together into one nation, with one government, one code of laws, one na tional class interest, one frontie... ...ng the tradi tional anathemas against liberalism, against represen tative government, against bourgeois competition, bour geois freedom of the pre... ...ttainment was the object of the pending struggle in Germany. To the absolute governments, with their following of parsons, professors, country squires... ...finish after the bitter pills of floggings and bullets with which these same governments, just at that time, dosed the German working class risings. W... ...he best, lessen the cost, and simplify the administrative work, of bourgeois government. Bourgeois Socialism attains adequate expression, when, and on...

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... fable less invidious; in which all the great principles of true and false governments and religions should be chiefly delivered in feigned examples. ... ...aws; 430 Received the reins of absolute command, With all the government of house and land, And empire o’er his tongue and o’er his hand.... ...g himself. 167 But Pasquin seemed rather inclined it should be done by the Government, representing him engaged in grievous de- signs with a lord of P... ...his world, no, not the most sacred or perfect things either of religion or government, can es- cape the sting of envy, methinks I already hear these c... ...irst Brutus, for love of liberty; 218 and to Sir Robert Walpole, for good government while in power. 219 At an- other time, to the godlike Socrates,... ...29. A Letter about Thersites; accusing the au- thor of disaffection to the Government. By James Moore Smith. Mist’s Weekly Journal, March 30. An Essay... ...iately obliged the public with their letters. He made himself known to the Government by many admirable schemes and projects, which the ministry, for ... ...s all our author’s dislike to it could only arise from disaffection to the government: ‘Qui meprise Cotin, n’estime point son roi, Et n’a, selon Cotin...

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...grantly absurd of its forms or of its applications. The utility of a large government ex- penditure, for the purpose of encouraging industry, is no lo... ...- monly with the addition of a profit. The usual effect of the attempts of government to encourage consumption, is merely to prevent saving; that is, ... ...ing the produce from destruction; but the necessary expenses incurred by a government for the protec- tion of property are, they insist upon it, consu... ... person to whom the conse- quent increase of production accrues, while the government, which is at the expense of police officers and courts of jus- ... ...e road, or canal, as passes through his own farm. If, instead of this, the government makes the road, and throws it open to the public toll-free, the ... ...enditure would be, on the above system, clearly un- productive. But if the government, or an association of indi- viduals, made the road, and imposed ... ...siness, and if the surplus were greater than could be invested in loans to Government, or in mort- gages upon the property of unproductive consumers; ... ...at case, of course, the productive classes would scarcely ever borrow. But government, and the unproductive classes, who do not borrow in order to mak... ...ect the disposition to borrow and to lend, a war breaks out, which induces government, for a series of years, to bor- row annually a large sum of mone...

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...aped. We, the emancipators of the slave—who have wea ried every Court and Government in Europe and America with our protests and remonstrances, until... ...o much plausibility to the charge. Not by anything said or done by us as a Government or as a nation, but by the tone of our press, and in some degree... ...y noble enterprise. It is almost superfluous to re mark that a democratic Government always shows worst where other Governments generally show best, ... ... should be consid ered as cancelled, by the reparation which the American Government has so amply made; not so much the repara tion itself, which mi... ...ch no one seemed to expect, is what has actually hap pened. Mr. Lincoln’s Government have done none of these 7 J S Mill things. Like honest men, the... ...own naval secretary, should be told in the face of the world, by their own Government, that they have been giving public thanks, presents of swords, f... ...t them boldly. Nor ought it to be forgotten, to the honor of Mr. Lincoln’s Government, that in doing what was in itself right, they have done also wha... ... detention of the captured persons, it would be the right and duty of this Government to detain them.” I sincerely grieve to find this sentence in the... ...artist insurrection, has a right to throw the first stone at Mr. Lincoln’s Government. Let us, then, without reference to these jars, or to the dec l...