Bulletin of the World Health Organization : 1991; Volume 69, Number 1, Year 1991 69 (1), Pages 107-111: Evaluation of a Computerized Field Data Collection System for Health Surveys

By D. Forste

Book Id: WPLBN0000110924
Format Type: PDF eBook
File Size: 0.2 MB
Reproduction Date: 2005

Title:	Bulletin of the World Health Organization : 1991; Volume 69, Number 1, Year 1991 69 (1), Pages 107-111: Evaluation of a Computerized Field Data Collection System for Health Surveys
Author:	D. Forste
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Health., Public health, Wellness programs
Collections:	Medical Library Collection, World Health Collection
Historic Publication Date:
Publisher:	World Health Organization


Citation APA MLA Chicago Forste, D. (n.d.). Bulletin of the World Health Organization : 1991; Volume 69, Number 1, Year 1991 69 (1), Pages 107-111. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.us/

Description
Medical Reference Publication

Excerpt
Since the discoveries of Jenner and Pasteur in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the medical sciences have made enormous progress in the control of infectious diseases. One measure of that progress was the eradication of smallpox. which was announced by WHO on 8 May 1980. The eradication of smallpox was a tremendous victory for mankind. It was an indication that scientific progress, when combined with international cooperation, has placed within our reach the possibility of a life of dignity and safety for a11 humans - a life free from hunger, cold and disease. Today, however, as mankind approaches the twenty-first century, the illness that poses the greatest threat to human health and wellbeing is not a disease of individuals but a disease of society - the institution of war. In a special message to the symposium on children and war, which took place at Siuntio Baths, Finland, in 1983. Dr Halfdan Mahler said (593): If there is to be health for all by the year 2000, we need to protect today's children, tomorrow's adults, from war and the threat of war ... Peace and health can be looked u?on as two faces of the same coin, and both are essential For the happiness and wellbeing of man. Each can strongly support the other ... Today, war or the threat of war is one of the greatest impediments to the happiness of individuals, societies and nations. It is said that on any day, there are some 12 wars somewhere in the world, and since the Second World War, there have been over 150 armed conflicts. The eEfects of these wars on the human race as a whole are devastating. It has been estimated that there are now 50 million refugees, and that perhaps 30 million of them are children. The number of those who are dead, wounded or afflicted by other ravages of war in recent decades is not known, but it would probably exceed those who suffered in all wars that occurred before this century. The indirect effects of these wars on health and development are of even greater magnitude ... World expenditures for armaments have now passed the US $600 billion mark annually ... The impact of the diversion of such scarce and precious resources from development is staggering, particularly on the developing countries and especially on health ... The most ominous aspect of this crisis of course is the looming threat of nuclear war, which has the potential for destroying all Life on Chis planet ... What can be done in this disconcerting situation? ... Ways must be found to direct collective thinking away from conflict and towards the immense possibilities of building a society based on equality, on freedom from hunger and disease, and on opportunities for all to achieve an acceptable quality of life ... The World Health Assembly, our supreme governing body, by its resolution WHA36.38 Rev.1, requested me to study and focus on the role of physicians and health workers in the preservation and promotion of peace, as the most significant factor for the attainment of health for all.

Table of Contents
CONTENTS I n t r o d u c t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 S e l e c t bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 References Medical a s p e c t s of nuclear war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Children and nuclear war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Hiroshima and Nagasaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 EEEects of nuclear weapons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Environmental e f f e c t s of nuclear war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 The t h r e a t of a c c i d e n t a l nuclear war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 P r o l i f e r a t i o n of nuclear weapons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 P o l i t i c a l a s p e c t s of the t h r e a t of nuclear war . . . . . . . . . . 31 Nuclear weapons and c i v i l defence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Other t o p i c s reLated to nuclear weapons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Medical a s p e c t s of chemical and b i o l o g i c a l warfare . . . . . . . . 32 Biological warfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chemical warfare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 C i v i l defence a g a i n s t chemical and b i o l o g i c a l weapons . . . . . . . 36 Other topics r e l a t e d t o chemical and b i o l o g i c a l warfare . . . . . . 38 Psychological e f f e c t s of war . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Psychological s t u d i e s of aggression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Psychological s t u d i e s of a l t r u i s m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L2 Ethnocentric behaviour and xenophobia . . . . . . . . 62 Ethology: b i o l o g i c a l aspects of behaviour . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Psychological aspects of c o n f l i c t r e s o l u t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . 45 E f f e c t s of the mass media r e l a t e d to violence and war . . . . . . . L6 Other psychological aspects of war and the t h r e a t of war . . . . . b6 Studies of w a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Peace s t u d i e s and peace education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SO Disarmament . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 P o l i t i c a l a s p e c t s of war and peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Values and the f u t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Science and the f u t u r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5L Environmental e f f e c t s of i n t e r n a t i o n a l c o n f l i c t s . . . 55 Refugees and t h e i r medicaL problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Torture and its medical a s p e c t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 C h i l d r e n a n d w a r . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Author index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58