Dollars and nonCents

By Erickson, Matt, R.

Book Id: WPLBN0100000460
Format Type: PDF eBook:
File Size: 1.18 MB
Reproduction Date: 04/17/2014

Title:	Dollars and nonCents
Author:	Erickson, Matt, R.
Volume:
Language:	English
Subject:	Non Fiction, History of America, American Monetary History
Collections:	Authors Community, History
Historic Publication Date:	2014
Publisher:	Patriot Corps

Member Page:	Matt Erickson
Citation APA MLA Chicago R. Erickso, B. M. (2014). Dollars and nonCents. Retrieved from http://gutenberg.us/

Description
Dollars and nonCents examines American monetary history, showing how paper currencies were deceptively made a legal tender (alongside gold and silver coin) in 1862 and cleverly upheld by the courts who were not exactly forthright with their rulings (necessitating a reading between the lines to understand them). Dollars and nonCents recommends a grain of gold as a market unit for accounting for the amount of gold, to begin transitioning away from the debt-based dollar which is destabilizing the United States.

Summary
Dollars and nonCents looks into America's monetary history to discover how paper currencies were cleverly held as legal tender despite the Constitution's directive that hold only gold and silver coin as money and also looks into how gold was cleverly confiscated in 1933 by Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt, despite the Fifth Amendment's protection against private property being taken without due process and just compensation.

Excerpt
Proponents of a legal tender paper currency occasionally point to the Constitution’s wording of the power “To coin Money” and claim that the word “Money” must include paper currency, since ‘money’ appears to be a word of greater meaning than that used in the same clause as it relates to “foreign Coin.” This is but a slight variation of the same argument which compares this power “To coin Money” in the Constitution with the wording used in the Ninth of the earlier Articles of Confederation (the articles under which the United States were joined together in common union before the Constitution was ratified), which stated, in part: “The United States in Congress assembled shall also have the sole and exclusive right and power of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck by their own authority, or by that of respective states…” These proponents of paper money correctly point out that no foreign paper currency can be made current as American money since only “foreign Coin” is specified and also that “regulating the alloy and value of coin struck” obviously restricts that older authority to ‘coin’ which could be ‘struck’ with an ‘alloy’ and given (objective) ‘value’. Paper money advocates of course then point to the Constitution’s more generic phrase “To coin Money” to argue that the Constitution must allow Congress greater power over money — including the power to emit a paper currency — since the Constitution mentions nothing of alloy, and since paper currencies are commonly and casually considered ‘money’. An important refutation of this argument comes from the very court cases themselves which upheld the power of Congress to issue a legal tender paper currency. Here the Supreme Court repeatedly denied that this power to issue legal tender paper currencies had anything whatsoever to do with the coining of money or with the regulating of its value (stating among other things, that such topic was “foreign to the subject before us”). In refutation of these false claims, it should be noted that Congress under the Articles were expressly authorized the power to emit “bills of credit” (paper currency) in Articles XII and IX, alongside the power to borrow money (separately listing the separate powers to strike coin [and regulate its value], to borrow money and to emit bills of credit). In contrast, Congress under the Constitution only have power to “borrow Money” and “coin Money” (and regulate its value) so the monetary powers under the Constitution are actually far more restricted than under the Confederation.37 But while the ninth Article of Confederation dealt with “regulating the alloy and value of coin struck,” proponents of the false argument conveniently fail to mention that the same article also later discusses the power therein for the confederate Congress to “coin money” (any time nine States assented to the same). This second reference to the same power in the same document shows that the wording (to) “coin money” and the power “of regulating the alloy and value of coin struck” are identical powers within the Articles of Confederation, actually meaning the same thing.

Table of Contents
Table of Contents Chapter 1. American Lawful Tender Money 1 Section 1. April 2, 1792 Coinage Act 1 Section 2. Standard Unit of Value 9 Section 3. Legal Tender Value — Weight & Purity 10 Section 4. Regulating the Value of Foreign Coinage 14 Section 5. Money - vs. - Coin 17 Section 6. June 28, 1834 Coinage Act 21 Chapter 2. Political Feuding 31 Section 1. The Banks of the United States 31 Section 2. The Independent Treasury 33 Chapter 3. Promise Money and the Courts 41 Section 1. Bronson v. Rodes, 74 U.S. 229 (1869) 41 Section 2. Hepburn v. Griswold, 75 U.S. 603 (1870) 42 Section 3. Legal Tender 43 Section 4. The Legal Tender Cases, 79 U.S. 457 (1871) 45 Section 5. Criminal Jurisdiction 48 Section 6. First Bank of the United States 54 Section 7. in all Cases whatsoever 57 Section 8. Electors 61 Section 9. Legislative Representation in States 62 Section 10. within the United States 65 Section 11. Presidential Elections 66 Section 12. The Legal Tender Cases (concurring opinion) 69 Section 13. Juilliard v. Greenman, 110 U.S. 421 (1884) 71 Section 14. Necessary and Proper-vs.-All Means Not Prohibited 80 Section 15. Exigencies of Government 84 Section 16. Promise Money 86 Chapter 4. Gold ‘Confiscation’ 93 Section 1. F.D.R. 93 Section 2. Executive Order No. 6102 96 Section 3. Gold Clauses 102 Section 4. Gold Reserve Act of 1934 105 Chapter 5. Restoring Liberty and Justice Once and For All. 109 Section 1. Cohens v. Virginia, 19 U.S. 264 (1821) 109 Section 2. Once and For All Amendment 113 Section 3. Implications 116 Chapter 6. Individual Restorative Action 121 Section 1. Market Reforms 121 Section 2. 18 USC 485 127 Section 3. February 12, 1873 Coinage Act 128 Section 4. 18 U.S.C. 486 129 Section 5. June 8, 1864 Act 132 Section 6. Private Mints 134 Section 7. Branch Mints 136 Section 8. Except as Now Authorized by Law 137 Section 9. Gold Bullion Coins 145 Section 10. The Grain of Gold 148 Section 11. Silver 152 Section 12. Electronic Trading in Gold 153 Chapter 7. State Restorative Action 161 Section 1. Gold and Silver Coin 161 Section 2. Gold and Silver Bi-Metallism 162 Section 3. June 28, 1834 Coinage Act 167 Section 4. February 21, 1853 Coinage Act 172 Section 5a. States Declarations of Tender 175 Section 6a. May States Regulate the Value of Money? 176 Section 7. Varied Money in each State 177 Section 6b. May States Regulate the Value of Money? 180 Section 8. Gold and Silver Coin 183 Section 9. State of Utah Legal Tender Legislation 184 Section 10. Market-Rate Value Legal Tender Legislation 185 Section 5b. State Declarations of Tender 187 Chapter 8. Federal Restorative Action 189 Section 1. Get Out Of Our Way! 189 Chapter 9. Summation — Where to Go From Here 191 Section 1. Education 191 Section 2. Ratification of a Constitutional Amendment 192 Section 3. The Grain of Pure Gold 193 Section 4. Establishing an Electronic Gold Exchange 194 Section 5. Other Efforts 194