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...nd there cannot, therefore, be a universal, or eternal hierarchy. In Western moral systems, the Right to Life supersedes all other rights (includin... ...s are all such cases. This could be argued against by saying that, in the case of economic hardship, f or instance, the damage to the mother's fut... ... Problem In the catechism of capitalism, shares represent the part- ownership of an economic enterprise, usually a firm. The value of shares is dete... ...n of the "Principal-Agent Problem". It is defined thus by the Oxford Dictionary of Economics: "The problem of how a person A can motivate person B ... ...said subversion. The logical outcome is to call for the overthrow of all political systems, as Michael Bakunin suggested. Governments should theref... ...y to communicate (manipulate vocal-verbal-written symbols within structured symbol systems). Yet, we ignore the fact that using the same symbols do... ...ces of survival at any given gauging moment. It is through its role as a universal comparative scale - that it came to acquire the might that it po...
Cyclopedia of issues in economics analyzed through the prism of the economies of countries in transition, emerging markets, and developing countries.
...he Persians. Two volumes represent Islam, and six the two main indigenous systems of China, Confucian ism and Taoism. This great undertaking, planne... ...h the works translated by them belong. By thus rendering these religious systems accessible as a whole to the Western world in authorita tive trans... ...ations, Professor Max Muller for the first time placed the historical and comparative study of religions on a solid foundation. But with that large ... ... culated to stimulate both the historical investigation of each, and the comparative study of all, of the religious systems dealt with in the serie... ...investigation of each, and the comparative study of all, of the religious systems dealt with in the series. Hence if I were asked to select any one... ...or the Antiquarian-the student of ancient law, customs, manners, art, and economic life. For there is hardly any phase of human life that is not in ...
...ple. I have no particular message for mankind except to say that all holy systems for obtaining enlightenment are bunk and that all talk of arriving... ...e use are adding more and more to that, unfortunately. All techniques and systems are adding to that. There is nothing you can do to end thinking. Y... ...lands and religions does not mean anything. You learn new techniques, new systems, new phrases, and then you begin to think and speak in terms of thi... ...ure creates something then it destroys it and creates something else. The comparative process characteristic of thinking seems to be absent. The whol... ...beings and nothing more. It is something like saying that in the field of economics you are not controlled by the laws of supply and demand. But we a...
...October 2011 Prepared by: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Policy Support Unit Asia-Pacific Economic Coo... ...: www.apec.org Produced for: Committee on Trade and Investment Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC#211-SE-01.08 This work is licen... ...preciation to all contributors, including ITS Global, GED Advisory, Institute for Economic and Social Research, and Alicia Say et al. We are also gr... ...ciated with less costly and more efficient electronic procedures than paper-based systems. Most economies had either 100% electronic lodgement or in... ...exports. In 2010, there were 13 APEC economies that had developed single window systems, while an additional five economies were in the process of... ...n international standards and participated in international conformity assessment systems since its establishment in 1989. The Sub-Committee on Stan... ...cifications to enter markets with different regulatory standards 3. Reduction in comparative cost of getting a representative product to market af...
...1. Introduction -- 2. Economic Context For The Estimation Of Trade Transaction Costs -- 3. Estimates Of Trade Transaction Costs -- 4. Sensitivity Tests Of Critical Assumptions -- 5. Conclusions & Recommendations --...
...odern philosophy: The philosophy of science and religion, the cognitive sciences, cultural studies, aesthetics, art and literature, the philosophy of economics, the philosophy of psychology, and ethics....
...nd Water sections. Entries in the new section include area (total and land), comparative area, land boundaries, coastline, maritime claims, boundary d... ...nd/or coastlines, excluding inland water bodies (lakes, reservoirs, rivers). Comparative areas are based on total area equivalents. Boundary disputes:... ...re projected for 1987-91. Notes, Definitions, and Abbreviations (continued) Economic abbreviations: ave. average bbl barrel (159 liters, 42 gallons) ... ...gional map VIII Geography Total area: 647,500 km 2 ; land area: 647,500 km 2 Comparative area: about the size of Texas Land boundaries: 5,510 km total... ...) Life expectancy: men 40.6, women 42.9 Literacy: 20% Labor force: 2,783,000 economically active (mid-1985 est); 85% agriculture, 15% industry Organiz... ...ton, D.C. Coastline: 153 km Maritime claims: Contiguous zone: 24 nm Extended economic zone: 200 nm Territorial sea: 12 nm Climate: tropical marine; li... ...apital), and 1 territory Legal system: mixture of US and West European legal systems; constitution adopted 1853 is in effect; has not accepted compuls... ...munications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 6 AM, 693 FM, 910 TV stations; 1 INTELSAT (for Atlantic and ... ...ways: Lake Tanganyika; 1 lake port, at Bujumbura, connects to transportation systems of Zaire and Tanza- nia Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Air...
... in this edition. A new Geography section has replaced the former Land and Water sections. Entries in the new section include area (total and land), comparative area, land boundaries, coastline, maritime claims, boundary disputes, climate, terrain, land use, environment, and special notes. In the Government section, a new entry on dependent areas has also been added....
...Chapter 6. Colleagues in the business school—particularly Jim Anton, a great economic modeler and greater volleyball partner, and Wes Cohen, a leading... ... These questions may be hard, because the underlying moral and political and economic issues need to be thought through. They may be weird; alien scri... ...important to pause at this point and inquire how closely reality hews to the economic story of “nonexcludable” and “nonrival” public goods. It turns o... ...ent in the case of books, is commercially unavailable. 6 The process happens comparatively quickly. Estimates suggest that a mere twenty- eight years ... ...nt copyright law regime, it largely holds for their patent and trademark law systems, and utilitarian strands suffuse even “the sacred rights of autho... ... of other countries, including Britain, concluded that their national patent systems were doomed. Various proposals were made to replace patents, with... ...nstitute any kind of survey of crit- ical reactions to intellectual property systems, but I believe that nevertheless they give us some sense of typic... ...interesting that the First Amendment and concerns about free expression have comparatively little bite when applied to the DMCA, but antitrust and con... ...ngers than poorly understood interventions to produce some specific result in comparative ignorance of the processes we are employ- ing to do so. If th...
...Our music, our culture, our science, and our economic welfare all depend on a delicate balance between those ideas that are controlled and those that are free, between intellectual property and the public domain. In The Public Domain: Enclosing the Commons of the Mind (...
...cal arena due to discrimination – a FCM and NCM analysis 75 2.5 Study of Economic Status of Dalits due to untouchability using fuzzy and neut... ...e plight of the last man who is a Dalit? As one of the world’s largest socio-economically oppressed, culturally subjugated and politically margina... ...— which includes, but is not limited to, authoritarianism, police brutality, economic embargo, criminalization of activists, electoral violence, re... ...ere to be distressed for subsistence. Max Weber, perhaps the most outstanding comparative sociologist of all time, clearly defined the social identi... ... precludes the graph-search techniques used in artificial-intelligence expert systems. FCMs feedback allows experts to freely draw causal pictures ... ...ve we will use these for FCM model, Neutrosophic Cognitive Maps to study the systems. 1.3 Fuzzy Relational Maps In this section, we introdu... ...i (Laws of Manu). He also pointed out the vast differences between these two systems. A woman was never considered a possession of her father, so... ... 1. Despite overall declining rates, incidence of poverty among SCs remains comparatively higher than in the total population 2. That about 50% o... ...Jose A.B. Tomè, Rule-based Fuzzy Cognitive Maps and Fuzzy Cognitive Maps – a Comparative Study. In Proc. of the 18 th International Conference of ...
... erstwhile first citizen of India faces such humiliation, what will be the plight of the last man who is a Dalit? As one of the world’s largest socio-economically oppressed, culturally subjugated and politically marginalized group of people, the 138 million Dalits in India suffer not only from the excesses of the traditional oppressor castes, but also from State Oppression...
...rets the uninterpretable; - regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems: showing that an idea, which is true in a given referential s... ... and to make war in the peaceful ideas; - measures the stability of unstable systems, and instability of stable systems. Let's note by <A> an id... ...sical logic. Eksioglu (1999) explains some of them: “Imprecision of the human systems is due to the imperfection of knowledge that humain receives ... ...ssov, K., Shannon, A., Bustince, H., Kim, S.-K., Intuitionistic fuzzy sets and economic theory, Proceedings of The Second Workshop on Fuzzy Based Exp... ...6) ,The observational implications of Schumpeterian growth theory, in long run economic growth, (Eds), S. Durlauf and B. Raj, Physical-Verlag heidel... ...ork. [11] Sengupta, J. K. (2001), A model of Schumpeterian dynamics, Applied Economic letters, volume 8, 81-84. [12] Sengupta, J. K. (1998a), New... ...ing (including this hypothesis the author believes) are merely infant sciences comparative to those in the Pure Lands, said by one of the most famou... ...k, suggest instead approaches that adopt more natural human ways of expressing comparative variability and reasoning. Additionally the advantages of ...
...completeness, inconsistency, redundancy, contradiction. It is a non-classical logic. Eksioglu (1999) explains some of them: “Imprecision of the human systems is due to the imperfection of knowledge that humain receives (observation) from the external world. Imperfection leads to a doubt about the value of a variable, a decision to be taken or a conclusion to be drawn for t...
...s the uninterpretable; regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems and proves that an idea which is true in a given referential syste... ...and far-reaching consequences as a mathematical tool for modeling complex systems. Prof. Bart Kosko, the guru of fuzzy logic, introduced the Fuzzy C... ... classes, and they are more beneficial owing to their capability of being economic, time-saving and sensitive. In the concluding sections of the fir... ... has been explained by us, in this book, include: modeling of supervisory systems; design of hybrid models for complex systems; mobile robots and in ... ...ts applications to problems such as the maximum utility of a route, Socio-economic problems and Symptom-disease model. In section three we give some... ... We illustrate this by the following, which gives a simple FCM of a Socio-economic model. A Socio-economic model is constructed with Population, Cri... ...NTERNAL EFFICIENCY INTER- ORGANISATIONAL EFFICIENCY BARGAINING POWER COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE + + + + + + + FIGUR... ...CIENCY COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE + + + + + + + FIGURE: 1.4.16 87 comparative efficiency or to increase their business bargaining power, and ... ...g power, and then other more specific strategic options, i.e. to increase comparative efficiency or to increase their business bargaining power, to ...
... movements; it reveals that the world is full of indeterminacy; it interprets the uninterpretable; regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems and proves that an idea which is true in a given referential system, may be false in another, and vice versa; attempts to make peace in the war of ideas, and to make war in the peaceful ideas! The main principle of ne...
...to the Minister of Labour and Social Policy By: Dr. Sam Vaknin Formerly Economic Advisor to the Government of the Republic of Macedonia Skopje... ...set wages. Wages and unemployment benefits are perceived as complementary economic stabilizers (contra the business cycle). Another possibility ... ...ll – as is the case in Belgium (though only for up to 2 months). It makes economic sense, because their activities replace social outlays. In Bri... ...omic sectors and act to support them. The education and higher education systems will be re-directed and encouraged to produce the skills needed by... ...and modems, software authoring and many other sectors where Macedonia has comparative advantages. 9. The government will encourage community-level... ... The economist, July 12 th , 1997, p.78 16. “Agricultural Productivity, Comparative advantage and Economic Growth”, Journal of Economic Theory 58,... ...nomic sectors and act to support them. The education and higher education systems will be re-directed and encouraged to produce the skills needed by... ...nd modems, software authoring and many other sectors where Macedonia has comparative advantages. 22. The government will encourage community-leve... ... help satisfy some of the skill needs [in the EU]. Reforms of tax benefit systems may be necessary to help people make up their minds to move to a l...
...ers: 1) Liu Feng, School of Information, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, (Xi'an caijing xueyuan), No.44 Cuihua Nan Road, (cuihua nanlu 4... ...The author is also thankful to Dr. Jefferey Kline, Associate Professor of Economics, School of Business, Bond University for his thoughtful insights ... ...rationality underlies most of the theoretical constructs making up modern economics. The basic assumption is that all human beings, when faced with a... ...eoclassical economics and classical thermal physics seek to model natural systems in terms of solutions to constrained optimization problems. Both e... ... in significant estimation errors. This means that all linear predictive systems tend to break down once a rationalization loop has been generated.... ...ne towards the end of the period. t p 1 S 1 p 2 S 2 p 0 S 0 v t Comparative Asset Performances 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1234567891 0... ...s relative to the marginal utility of the other commodity that has become comparatively plentiful. 65 In terms of the indifference curves a... ...gm for Cognitive Science Application in the Design of Artificial Learning Systems. Smarandache Notions Journal, 13, 2002: 43-47. Aronson, E. Diss...
...owth, with numerous initiatives implemented to support trade and regional economic capacity building. Japan’s 2010 report on “APEC 2010 Economies’” p... ...APEC Leaders’ Statement on 2010 Bogor Goals Assessment in the 18 th APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting. 2 This study and report follows APEC’s evolving... ...economy government institutions. Source: Survey Results “Poor” railway systems and just “average” ratings for waterways and border facilities indi... ...spondents to what degree SME logistics service providers were utilizing IT systems to manage trade related operations in their economies. Our findi... ...ation in the region, we first investigated the prevalence of web based IT systems to facilitate logistics in the region. On the whole, only 57% of g... ... Supply-chain connectivity across APEC. Pg. 6 by, Centre for International Economics, Canberra & Sydney, June 2009. 31 that education and inform... ...your company use bonded warehouse facilities? Yes / No 3.8 What is your comparative usage of the following logistics modes? Please fill in the % ...
...They will not be fixed by some new round of patches to bug-filled PC operating systems, or by abandoning now-ubiquitous Windows for Mac. Rather, they po... ... on occu- pants of motor vehicles equipped with the latest travel assistance systems by producing secret warrants and flicking a distant switch. They c... ...elational databases put index cards and more sophisticated paper-based filing systems to shame. 15 Entirely new applications like video games, beginni... ...d and distributed by third parties, advances that were the exceptions to the comparative innovation desert of the telephone system. Outsiders introduc... ...uld CompuServe hold to the same line that AT&T tried to draw? After all, the economic model for almost every service was the connect charge: a per-min... ...r growth in the uses to which it was put. It is as if the bizarre social and economic configuration of the quasi-anarchist Burn- ing Man festival turne... ...ce once created. Bad code was more like graffiti than illegal drugs. Graffiti is comparatively easier to combat because there are no economic incentives f... ...illegal drugs. Graffiti is comparatively easier to combat because there are no economic incentives for its creation. 48 The demand for illegal drugs cre... ...aptable. A plowshare enables one to plant a va- riety of seeds; however, its comparative leverage quickly vanishes when devoted to other tasks such as...
...ic drugs and alcohol. Human environment contains ever more risks, security systems, iron fencing. In cities, almost half of all marriages end in divor... ...y life. Is it all repeated in Thailand? This land, dubbed the Asian Little Economic Tiger, because it is following in the footsteps of great Japan? Or... ... lifestyle changed as people adapted to 'modern development', their global economic, technological and cultural environment. Later, the project title ... ...an communities to surrounding nature, the habitat, but to 'reality', those economic, political and social conditions that the natural environment also... ...s work, as in all my other research projects, I have endeavoured to obtain comparative data from several localities or over a long period, and also to... ...hat also affected the villagers' lives and is reflected in their accounts. Comparative statistical data was collected by questionnaires which were ret... ...pinion polls (Table 5A). A couch, cabinets with glazed doors, stereo sound systems, television and refrigerator appeared downstairs; the upstairs beca... ...er, like self-sufficient agrarian villages everywhere. Local environmental systems created a culture that included shared events of the farming season... ...f international statistics on economics, sociology and education, uniform comparative figures for development and growth (imperialism of cultural m...
...lligence, neural networks, evolutionary programming, neutrosophic dynamic systems, and quantum mechanics. Especially in quantum theory there i... ...nship, one searches Mathematics in connection with Psychology, Sociology, Economics, and Literature. 13 This is a foundation study of the NEU... ...the uninterpretable; - regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems: showing that an idea, which is true in a given referential system... ...d to make war in the peaceful ideas; - measures the stability of unstable systems, and instability of stable systems. D) Methods of Neutrosophic S... ... of an idea is also determined by external (pro, contra, neuter) factors (Comparative Philosophy, as comparative literature). Between particul... ...erpretation - by using neutrosophic probability and statistics). In economics Keynes chose for the concept of "unstable equilibrium" (<The Gene... ...ry new theory always be exactly the reverse of the old one" [Mark Blaug, <Economics Theory in Retrospective>]. Neohegelians: Reconciliation of cont... ... culture does not differ much from the precedents - culture even repeats, comparatively to the science's exponential growth. Culture The ratio ., ...
...s in The Open Directory and Suite101. Between 1999-2002, he served as the Economic Advisor to the Government of Macedonia. Visit Sam's Web site at h... ...sal Interface VII. Internet Advertising – What Went Wrong? VIII. The Economics of Spam IX. Don’t Blink – Interview with Jeffrey Harrow X. ... .... Metaphors of the Net VII. The Solow Paradox VIII. Decision Support Systems Author: Sam Vaknin Contact Info: palma@unet.com.mk; samvaknin... ...onsumers. This is a return to pre-industrial times when artisans ruled the economic scene. Work stability will suffer and work mobility will increase... ...s Suite101) use the Dewey decimal system. Others invented and implemented systems of their making. Additionally, one click publishing technology (su... ...-alone, instant self-publishing and self-assembly system. Self-publishing systems do exist (for instance, Purdue University's) - but they incorporat... ...ses. I taught myself HTML and built 26 Web-based reading lessons for the "comparative cultures" course I taught there. The reading material in each ...
...ERS ................................................................. 127 ECONOMIC CONCERNS WHEN ESTABLISHING YOUR IDEAL SOCIETY ............... 128 ... ...CONOMIC CONCERNS WHEN ESTABLISHING YOUR IDEAL SOCIETY ............... 128 ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY .......................................................... ...ANCING THE BUDGET—TAXES FOR YOUR IDEAL SOCIETY ...................... 152 ECONOMIC GROWTH RATE ......................................................... ... are in conflict with each other. We have conflicts within our own value systems and between what we value and what others value. ―On ... ...ght add the assumption that truth is better than ignorance, but all belief systems would support that claim. They would merely disagree on what truth... ...hen some teachings of respected people may work their way into the belief systems. Predestination, some jihads, and ideas on when the soul enters or... ...ave the tools to question traditions you should be an expert in logic, in comparative religions, in cosmology, in evolutionary biology. Would a high... ...kers‘ output! ―In the 33 years from 1970 to 2003 if we look at the comparative level of European prosperity, Sweden dropped from fifth to 14 ... ...a and to other mainlands and islands. This gave him far more geologic and comparative evidence than any of the other theorists hypothesizing evoluti...
...ce 60 FOUR TYPES O F SOCIAL PRICE 61 Time 61 Effort 62 Lifestyie 62 Psyche 62 ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES 63 IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL PRICE IN MARKETING ... ...r than the idea it supersedes. The degree of relative advantage may be measured in economic terms, but often social prestige factors, convenience an... ...n to make delivery. Other factors are beyond the marketer's control, for example, economic conditions, government regulation, labor union activity ... ...l cause of fluoridation. The same may be said for a marketer of pollution-control systems to industry. 27 Grey Areas in the Model ... ...vironment. In many cases compliance has necessitated large expenditures by school systems for equipment, structural modification in buildings and sp... ...s audience? 4. What are the opposing forces competing with us and what is our comparative advantage? An assessment must be made of the ins... ...ieties and to "cut-off' segments of other societies, but not to most modern social systems. The fmal pattern suggested by Rogers is the multistep... ...r inferences, motivations and subconscious feelings. As a basis for analysis of comparative consumption decision making, a matrix (Appendix C) was... ...ormer group as materialists and those in the latter as idealists, what follows are comparative descriptive consumer profIles to emerge from the stud...
...Contrast: East-West (preface) Liu Feng (surname, given name) Dept. of Economic Information, School of Information, Xi'an University of Finance an... ...onomic Information, School of Information, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics 44 Cuihua Nan Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, P. R. China 1... ...the nature. This results in the intentionality of everything – intentional economics, intentional politics, intentional manner of education, even int... ...onarch-subjects, friends, etc. It is the natural rule, not regulations or systems, nor schools or doctrines. Individuals conforming to it are said to... ... explanation. In practice we have to assume that for incomplete knowledge systems as in ordinary humans, one can regard the truth as existing in rel... ... that some philosophers grope and stumble. They don't have clear ideas or systems, or even precise directions on a subject. What one asserts toda... ...USTAV JUNG (The world's leading psychologist from Zurich):“As a student of comparative religions, I believe that Buddhism is the most perfect one tha...