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... data by directed graphs and connection matrices. DEFINITION 1.2.1: An FCM is a directed graph with concepts like policies, events etc. as nodes and causalities as edges. It represents causal relationship between concepts. Example 1.2.1: In Tamil Nadu (a southern state in India) in the last decade several new engineering colleges have been approved and started. The resul...

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...M is a directed graph with conceptslike policies, events etc. as nodes and causalities as edges. Itrepresents causal relationship between concepts.Exa... ...they are called as fuzzy nodes.DEFINITION 1.2.3: FCMs with edge weights or causalities fromthe set {–1, 0, 1} are called simple FCMs. 1... ...edback.DEFINITION 1.2.8: When there is a feedback in an FCM, i.e.,when the causal relations flow through a cycle in arevolutionary way, the FCM is cal... ...3, …,Cn−1Cn be a cycle. When 1 2Ci is switched on and if the causality flows through the edges ofa cycle and if it again causes Ci , we ... ...sed anddescribed in section 1.5 of this chapter. The directed edge eijfrom causal concept Ci to concept Cj measures how much Cicauses Cj. The time var... ...ation is called anti-transitive. Given a relation RN(X, X) its transitive closure R NT (x, X)can be analyzed in the following way. The transitive cl... ...tion is called anti-transitive. 2Given a relation RN (x, x) its transitive closure RNT (X, X) canbe analyzed in the following way. The transitive clo... ...rst two requirements to be met. Given a relation RN (X, X) its transitive closure RNT (X, X)can be determined by a simple algorithm. Now we proceed ... ...e they do not fall in theneutrosophic interval of matrices then we say the closureproperty is not satisfied. We are not always guaranteed of theclosur...

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...ational Process Performance Organizational Process Performance Level 5 Organizational Performance Management Organizational Performance Management Causal Analysis and Resolution Causal Analysis and Resolution *Add – Additional Process Area: Applicability decided by Need of the Organization CMMI – Known Benefits: • Improvements in Project/Work performance Results • A...

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... Performance Management Management Causal Analysis and Resolution Causal Analysis... ...) Business Objectives Fixing d) Business Objectives vs. Performance Evaluation e) Causal Analysis / Outcome Analysis Meetings f) High Mat... ...Models Development f) Sub Process Control – Clarifications g) Application of Causal Analysis h) Preparation for Appraisal i) ... ...s coming out of Process QA reviews on deliverables and audits on process compliance, to closure  Early warning analysis by Process QA group is p... ...ct Peer Reviews peer review reportSP 2.3 Analyze Peer Review Data Defect closureSG 3 Verify Selected Work ProductsSP 3.1 Perform Ver... ...ction items (mostly in MOM or in a log/tool)SP 2.3 Manage Corrective Action Action Closure status and details (mostly in MOM or in a ... ...ostly in risk log)SP 3.2 Implement Risk Mitigation Plans Action closure and Risk rating modificationsConfiguration Manageme... ... Report of underlying causes of incidents/ Documented causal analysis activitiesSP 3.2 Establish Solutions to Res... ...apply relevant techniques and interpret them accordingly to take decisions. Similarly the Causal analysis and QC tools understanding are required. S...

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...ron a 115 El recambio Dexlansopraz La relacións ósea Gastroenterology. Unidos, mujeres osea se ol 60 mg, causal entre 2019, ... ...Revista Conrado, vol. 17, no. S1, pp. 431-439, 2021.[43] N. Hernández-Díaz, M. Yelandy-Leyva, and B. Cuza-García, “Modelos causales para la Gestión ... ...as Informáticas, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 52-65, 2015.[30] N. Hernández-Díaz, M. Yelandy-Leyva, and B. Cuza-García, “Modelos causales para la Gestión ... ...es se puede indicar la prueba de inmunoadsorción ligada a enzimas ELI-SA[6]. La clasificación se basa en función del agente causal, área afectada del... ...ctada del pulmón, en función del huésped y enfunción del ámbito en el que se adquirió la enfermedad y otras. Según el agente causal, las neumonías pue... ... soft tissue injury in the right lower extremity whose treatment was performedwith a negative pressure pump, Vacuum Assisted Closure System (VAC thera...

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...idumbre y su empleo para representar sistemas complejos [27]. Los modelos causales son herramientas empleados para la ayuda a la toma de decisones [... ...rramientas empleados para la ayuda a la toma de decisones [28, 29]. la causalidad desde un punto de vista computacional, requiere de modelos causa... ...cida por Zadeh [31] ofreeciendo un marco adecuado en el tratamiento de la causalidad imperfecta, haciendo uso de la vaguedad. Para la expresión del ... ...d imperfecta, haciendo uso de la vaguedad. Para la expresión del grado de causalidad entre conceptos se pueden emplear expresiones lingüísticas como ... ...lizando lógica borrosa [35] los cuales son empleados para el razonamiento causal y la representacion y análisis de modelos mentales [36]. Daveport [... ... let be a GIFTS and L be GIFL on X. Let us define the neutrosophic closure operator cl  (A) = A  A for any GIFS A of X. Clearly, ... ... Collected Papers, X [6] Babitha K.V., and Sunil J.J., Transitive closure and ordering in soft set, Comput. Math. with Appl. 2011, 61, 2... ...(9):84–94. https://doi.org/10.24237/Babitha KV, Sunil JJ (2011) Transitive closure and ordering in soft djps.1501.471B set. Comput Math Appl 61... ...Collected Papers, X [8] K. V. Babitha and J. J. Sunil, Transitive closure and ordering in soft set, Computers and Mathematics with ...

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...ed neutrosophic crisp topology, base (subbase),neighborhood, and interior (closure), respectively, and investigate each property, and give someexample... ... a systematic tool for constructingand evaluating the structure of complex causal relationships between matrix or diagram variable. ... ...   j=1 1×nStep 7: Construct a causal diagram. The graph is constructed by plotting the (R + C, R − C) d... ...25.4592 1 1.2782 2 CauseStep 7: Construct a causal diagram. The complex causal relationships of criteria can be seen... ...iagram. The complex causal relationships of criteria can be seen in the causal diagram illustrated inFigure 2. In addition, it provides valuable in... ... -3 R-C Figure 2. Causal diagram. Figure 2 shows that the criteria with positive values ... ...5), 5(0.7, 0.8,0.3)} ∈ 5-M(S2). Addition is done modulo 1. However we have closure axiom to be true under + for elementsin S2 and in case of S1; 0 ∈/ ... ... true under + for elementsin S2 and in case of S1; 0 ∈/ S1 = (0, 1)). This closure axiom is flouted. If addition modulo 1 is done we have to see that... ...(3) W is normal, i.e., ∃ a s0 ∈ R, such that W(s0) = 1 n o(4) Closure of supp(W) is compact, where supp(W) = s ∈ R W(s) >0 .Defini...

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...sophic directed graph with concepts like policies, eventsetc. as nodes and causalities or indeterminates as edges. It represents the causal relationsh... ...ll topologies. Proof. Obvious Now, we define the neutrosophic crisp closure and neutrosophic crisp interior operations in neutro- sophic c... ...S and A = ⟨A1.A2, A3⟩ be a NCS in X. Then the neutrosophic crisp closure of A (NCCl(A) for short) and neutrosophic crisp interior (NCInt(A) ... ... Let X , be a GIFTS and L be GIFL on X . Let us define the neutrosophic closure operator cl (A) A A forany GIFS A of X. Clearly, let N... ... ive, symmetric and transitive. Definition 3.10 The transitive closure of a neutrosophic refined relation R on ˆ E × E is ... ...ed an economic efficiency criterion.Therefore, having at least this double causality, the commercial, and economic 452F... ...José Martí Palabras clave: José Martí, mapas cognitivos neutrosóficos, causalidad 1. Introducción Martí, el más universal de los cubano... ... El trabajo está motivado por la importancia de interpretar las relaciones causales en los textos escritos por José Martí. La causalidad es una el... ...trabajos futuros. 2. Mapas cognitivos difusos/neutrosóficos. La causalidad es un tipo de relación entre dos entidades, causa y efecto. Es u...

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...ct planning to start with, Project Monitoring and control and then Project closureProject Planning:Purpose of this phase is to devise a plan and get c... ...ant members  Ensure the deliveries are met as per the commitmentProject closure:This is the final phase of project management, where a complete und... ...ormation useful for other projects are shared with QA function  Project Closure report is prepared  Stakeholders are communicated with project c... ... Check Project meetings are happening and actions captured and tracked to closure  Check the Minutes of meeting, Status report and other relevan... ... and type of defect, these data in additionwith defect causes will help in causal analysis, and prevention of defects in further projects andimprove t... ...s effective in processimplementation. In addition any specific training on causal analysis and metrics can be handledby SQA, where possible organizati... ...point of view can be only better visualized and owned by project teamalone.Causal Analysis: A SQA helps in performing causal analysis activity at proj... ...dule variance, etc) the SQA based on the devised triggers can initiate the causalanalysis along with the project manager. SQA can help project team wi... ...is along with the project manager. SQA can help project team with steps in causal analysis(usage of pareto to find significant category, usage of fish...

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...inwhich acts and outcomes are divorced? It is because wecannot believe in an a-causal world.Causality is a relationship (mostly between two things, or... ...al), only theefficient cause creates something distinguishable fromitself. The causal discourse, therefore, is problematic (howcan a cause lead to an ... ...cause lead to an effect, indistinguishable fromitself?). Singular Paradigmatic Causal Statements (EventA caused Event B) differ from General ones (Eve... ... (Event Acauses Event B). Both are inadequate in dealing withmundane, routine, causal statements because they do notreveal an OVERT relation between t... ...factual causation. Davidson, forinstance, admits that facts can be RELEVANT to causalexplanations but refuses to accept them AS reasons. Actsmay be di... ...eat beginnings. More often, dreams lack anending. These absent resolutions and closures provokeand elicit in us psychodynamic processes which arecondu...

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...he 21st century the graph theory has beenfully exploited by fuzzy theory. The causal structure of fuzzycognitive maps from sample data [33-34] mainly ... ...v) ≥Now we proceed on to recall a nice and interesting property of agraph viz closure. 47DEFINITION 2.6.4: The closure of a graph G... ...essum is at least n until no such pair exists.The following example gives the closure of a graph.Example 2.6.6: FIGURE: 2.6.6The rea... ....6.6The reader is expected to prove the following theorems:THEOREM 2.6.8: The closure cl (G) of a graph G is well defined.THEOREM 2.6.9: If cl (G) is ... ...n FCM is a directed graph with concepts likepolicies, events etc as nodes and causalities as edges. Itrepresents causal relationship between concepts.... ...s like policies or events etc as nodes andcausalities as edges. It represents causal relation between spacesD and R.The employee-employer relationship... ...elation is called anti-transitive. Given a relation RN(X, X) its transitive closure R NT (X, X)can be analyzed in the following way. The tr... ...trosophic directed graph with concepts like policies, eventsetc. as nodes and causalities or indeterminates as edges. Itrepresents the causal relation... ...j denote the two nodes of the NCM. The directed edgefrom Ci to Cj denotes the causality of Ci on Cj called connections.Every edge in the NCM is weight...

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...ow they are related may confuse the listeners. Cause/Effect A causal pattern of arrangement is used in a talk where one setof conditions ... ...t material that is detrimental to points they are trying tomake. 5. Faulty causal reasoning is seen when a speaker reasons thatif A is present, B occu... ...lectures should accomplishthree things: summarize, remotivate, and provide closure. Final Summary. Mini- or interim summaries may beappropriate at var... ...rectly to thestudents and show the importance to them of what was learned. Closure. For many instructors the closure presents a difficultchallenge. Th... ...t all I have to say,” or “I guess I don’t have anything else.”This type of closure is not very satisfying. There are much moreeffective ways of closin... ...ding. Quotations, stories, or humorousincidents can also provide effective closure. Sometimes when thelecture is to be followed by other lessons in th... ...es you may choose to use the same three stepsof summary, remotivation, and closure appropriate for teachinglectures. As with the introduction, however...

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...inwhich acts and outcomes are divorced? It is because wecannot believe in an a-causal world.Causality is a relationship (mostly between two things, or... ...al), only theefficient cause creates something distinguishable fromitself. The causal discourse, therefore, is problematic (howcan a cause lead to an ... ...cause lead to an effect, indistinguishable fromitself?). Singular Paradigmatic Causal Statements (EventA caused Event B) differ from General ones (Eve... ... (Event Acauses Event B). Both are inadequate in dealing withmundane, routine, causal statements because they do notreveal an OVERT relation between t... ...factual causation. Davidson, forinstance, admits that facts can be RELEVANT to causalexplanations but refuses to accept them AS reasons. Actsmay be di... ...eat beginnings. More often, dreams lack anending. These absent resolutions and closures provokeand elicit in us psychodynamic processes which arecondu...

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... step further by allowing planners andcommanders to examine conditions and causal linkagesthrough which actions lead to objectives. Causal linkages, p... ...ust be established to achieveobjectives in a given case and the underlying causal linkagesthey expect will achieve these effects, they will sometimes ... ...nation of why they ex-pect the operations to work, that is, an anticipated causallinkage between action and effect.59 Based upon these definitions, t... ... 48 MANN, ENDERSBY, AND SEARLEconditions and causal linkages through which actions lead to ob-jectives (fig. 7). This me... ... E A = action E = direct effect (condition) CL = causal linkage O = objective Figure 7. The Effects-Based Metho... ... Iraqi cities. In retrospectit obviously was possible to have foreseen the closure of sewage-and water-treatment plants and hospitals, yet it would be...

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...on's environment.2.1 Utilization of MCDM tools in the GSCM implementation Researchers' interest in employing causal analysis in their studies has gr... ... F20 5.6130 5.5102 11.1232 0.1027 Figure 2: Causal diagram5. Results and Discussion... ...ed by Smarandache [27], Lupianez [19,20] andSalama [?]. Open and closed neutrosophic sets, interior, exterior, closure and boundary ofneutrosophic set... ...s and Systems, Vol. 55, 2023 321 (2) The neutrosophic n-valued refined closure of A is defined to be ClR(A... ... al. utilised cognitivemaps in the design and development of intelligent information systems. Causal mapping is used to investigateth... ...as assigned by the casual rela-tion between the nodes. i.e., the edge weight was assigned as 1 (positive causality between the nodes), if therel... ... age was assigned by thecasual relation between the nodes. i.e., the edge weight was assigned as 1 (positive causality between thenodes), if the rel... ...and it is denoted by INTN α(N1).INTN α(N1) = S{M : M is NαOS, M ⊆ N1}.(e) Nα-closure of N1 is the intersec... ... choose one of these approaches and concentrate on it. This allows us todefine anti-bitopological interior and closure in some specific manner. Moreov...

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... out that these lines refer to Hartley’s notion of a physiological process causally linking mindand matter: ‘Note “ideal tribes” for nervous currents ... ... eye shall MEMORY bring’.83The phrase: ‘I will remember thee’ allows for a closure of meaning that is well suited to the imperativeinherent in prose c... ...n her wing / Before my Fancy’seye shall MEMORY bring’ inhibits hermeneutic closure and is therefore incompatible with prosecommunication. Such was Col... ...ge’s desire for clear and precise communication that he argued for adirect causal connection between thought and language. In response to John Thelwal...

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...ezaei, On NeutroNilpotentGroups……………………..…………….…33Md.Hanif PAGE, R.Dhavaseelan and B.Gunasekar, Neutrosophic θ−Closure Operator ………………..……41Murad Arar... ... The couple (G, ∗) is called a classical group if the following conditions hold: (G1) x ∗ y ∈ G ∀x, y ∈ G [closure law]. (G2) x ∗ (y ∗ z) = (x... ... Then (H, ◦) is a hypergroupif the following conditions hold: (H1) for all x, y ∈ H, x ◦ y ⊆ H (closure law), (H2) for all x, y, z ... ...ition 3.3. [AntiSophication of the law and axioms of the classical hypergroup ](AH1) u ◦ v * H ∀u, v ∈ H (anti closure law).(AH2) u ◦ (v ◦ w) = (6 u... ...Block Neutrosophic Cognitive Map (COBNCM) in finding the hidden patterns and indeterminacies in Psychological Causal Models: Case Study of ADHD. Crit... ...ffect networks, with nodes representing conceptsarticulated by individuals, and directional linkages capturing causal dependencies [26].Definition 5. ... ...encies [26].Definition 5. A Neutrosophic Cognitive Map is a directed graph with nodes as events or policiesand causalities or relationship as determin... ... (9)Step 4: Calculate the sum of rows (T) and columns (U)Step 5: Generating a causal diagramThe causal diagram is att... ...olumns (U) in table 8 and rank according to the importance ofthe main criteria in table 8.Step 5: Generating a causal diagram as shown in figure 4. It...

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... not restrictive since one always can close any non-exhaustive set by intro-ducing a closure element, say θ0, representing all missing unknown hypothe... ... by the fusion system designer), it is more cautious to always introduceat least one closure - possibly unknown - element θ0 6= ∅ in Θ.1.2. THE PRINCI... ...haustive, one can either use Smets’ open-world approach [25, 26] or applythe hedging closure procedure [28] and work back with DST or DSmT. The conju... ...ude a third or more missing hypotheses C, D, etc into the frame to warranty its true closure. The hybrid DSm rule of combination is not equivalen... ...mistic point of view) all conflicting mass is transferred ontoa new unknown extra and closure element θ0 representing all missing hypotheses of the fra... ...3] Bolanos J., De Campos L.M., Moral S., Propagation of linguistic labels in causal networks, Proc. of 2nd IEEE Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Syst...

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... point of knowing all this? And with the When doubt leaves, there is closure. Knowledge through which you have However, whether the do... ...away, taking the medicine he normally takes. On there will be closure. the contrary, if he mixes the two ... ...nd that there will be immediately realize it. And if you realize closure. And that too, it is if all the that a mistake ha... ...thing leaves that repentance will happen for sure. there will be closure. And in what has happened, it has ‘You... ...rn know that the Self is already pure and all gives rise to a new causal body) for this of this visible manifestation has come to ... ... it will bring would it get cut? The light (prakash) of ultimate closure to people; otherwise, the Self is something else entirely! Even ...

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...l notWhat do you feel? They used to be united; do. As long as there is no closure in the mindthat has broken, and separation has arisen. So of... ...d you’? insistence is poison! The scripture writers have Lack of Closure Cultivates Pain said, “If you have done khench (subtle ... ...s not know how If you want to establish the truth as truth, thento bring closure to it. If matabheda arises it will become untruth. You are ... ..., then he does not know establish the truth in such a world?how to bring closure to it, and he keeps Therefore, let go of the trouble w... ...rmful to small living beings or the self (atma himsa); it is referred to as causalother living beings, that is what we have violence (bhaav hi... ... (dravya himsa) happens, so be it, but do not allow causal violence to happen. Instead, these It is regarded as truth in... ... It is regarded as truth in worldly people stop effective violence, but causalinteractions (vyavahar) where things are taken, violence keeps ...

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...rrect. subtle. Dadashri: These are all records indeed. There is no closure in this matter of Still, do people weigh (consider that) and sa... ...keep such links Questioner: Without weighing. (tantos) who look for closure and justice! Dadashri: Then, how can you buy his Then w... ...u do not like it? you are going to moksha!’ She will target you Now Bring Closure in This Manner for sure. Kamath was after Lord Parsvanatha for ... ...Questioner: Only by listening to this seen? speech, the closure comes; otherwise it is not Questioner: But ‘he’ (the relativ... ...re you? Thenot, even then it is not a problem. We do not reason? If it were causal compassion (karanwant the shop at all. karuna), t...

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... is done the moment a mistakehappens. Our goal is now to bring about ultimate closure, is it not? So Five Agnas andpratikraman are verily the main too... ...Five Agnas, then he will attain may have dislike for someone, you may even closure and settlement. feel there is a storm brewing with... ...: Then we are able to come Forgiveness is the greatest scripture. to a closure (samadhan) on the issue within Only if you do pratikraman will ... ...arm unstable when you wrote the letter, then the someone, you will attain closure if you do contents will have no value. pratikraman. ... ...Does intense repentance Our path is of a very high level, is it destroy causal seeds of bondage of karma? not? The entire path of pratikraman is...