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...of bialgebraic structures started very recently. Till date there are no books solely dealing with bistructures. The study of bigroups was carried out in 1994-1996. Further research on bigroups and fuzzy bigroups was published in 1998. In the year 1999, bivector spaces was introduced. In 2001, concept of free De Morgan bisemigroups and bisemilattices was studied. It is said...

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...ican Research Press Rehoboth 2003 2 This book can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Informat... ...BN: 1-931233-71-3 Standard Address Number: 297-5092 Printed in the United States of America 3 CONTENTS Preface Chapter One: I... ...d States of America 3 CONTENTS Preface Chapter One: INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS 1.1 Groups, Loops and S-loops 7 1.2 Semigroups and S-semigro... ...s solely dealing with bistructures. The study of bigroups was carried out in 1994-1996. Further research on bigroups and fuzzy bigroups was publishe... ... from the bistructures using category theory of Girard's classical linear logic. We do not approach the bialgebraic structures using category theory... ...o not approach the bialgebraic structures using category theory or linear logic. We can broadly classify the study under four heads : i. bial... ...ook is to give Smarandache analogous to all these notions for Smarandache concepts finds themselves accommodative in a better analysis by dissecting... ...s ten chapters. The first chapter is unusually long for it introduces all concepts of Smarandache notions on rings, groups, loops, groupoids, semigro... ...tion in several fields like finite automata, control theory and in linear logic. DEFINITION 6.1.27: Let G = G 1 ∪ G 2 be a bigroup and R = R 1 ...

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...In the words of Michael Laitman, "It is beyond human comprehension to understand the essence of such spiritual qualities as total altruism and love. This is for the simple reason that human beings cannot comprehend how such f...

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...nada.PrintedinCanada.1-866-LAITMAN.Nopartofthis book may be used or reproduced in any manner without writtenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinthecaseof... ...out writtenpermissionofthepublisher,exceptinthecaseofbrief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. ISBN: 0-9731909-0-6 Second Edition: No... ...Spiritual Progress ....................................... 71 Faith: Believing in the Oneness of the Creator ................. 74 7. Our Perceptions .... ... the universe is built and how it works, since there are no analogies to these concepts in our own world. This text can helpeaseourfirststepstowardper... ...if He generatesallthecircumstancesthataffectourlives,thenthere is nothing more logical than trying to maintain as close a contact with Him as possible... ... us in solving our problems. Insteadwewillremainafloatwithoutsupportandwithout logical answers to what is happening to us. In our world, we are guided... ... This yearning for a connection is strengthened when we seek to understand the concepts of Kabbalah. The strength of our prayers is determined by the ... ...path to this goal proceeds along the middle line. This implies combining three concepts into one: the human being, the path to follow, and the Creator... ...h, and not the path of commonsense.Onlyinourworldismyreasoningconsidered to be logical. "However, in the spiritual world, even though I don’t understa...

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...In a time of crisis, we need a guide to help us calm and stabilize our lives. This is why Kabbalah is being revealed to millions today. Kabbalah is a tool for bettering life, and A Guide to the Hidden Wisdom of Kabbalah teach...

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...Introduction: The laws of nature, our place in the world and our behavior have been studied by scientists and philosophers for thousands of years. Along with logical assumptions, science uses quantifiable research and data. Yet our scientists and researchers have disco...

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...h Ten Complete Kabbalah Lessons Introduction Part I: The Need for Kabbalah in Our Daily Lives Chapter 1: What is Kabbalah? Chapter 2: Why Study ... ...on 6 Lesson 7 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Lesson 10 The laws of nature, our place in the world and our behavior have been studied by scientists and ph... ... been studied by scientists and philosophers for thousands of years. Along with logical assumptions, science uses quantifiable research and data. Ye... ... Yet our scientists and researchers have discovered that the more they advance in their research, the more obscure and confusing they find the worl... ... and the legends, with the only difference between them being the manner of the logic. It is rather like an ancient tongue translated into four lang... ...Creator is. Those in this world paint different pictures of reality differently. Logic dictates that reality should be uniform to everyone. Neverthel... ...ithin our mistaken perception, for we are all in fact one. What are some of the concepts I will find in The Zohar? And who wrote The Zohar? The boo... ... things in plain view, as is the case here. Kabbalah utilizes many mathematical concepts such as matrices, geometry, numbers, graphs, characters and...

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...This book is organized into seven chapters. Chapter one is introductory in content. The notion of neutrosophic set linear algebras and neutrosophic neutrosophic set linear algebras are introduced and their properties analysed in chapter two. Chapter three introduces the notion of neutrosophic sem...

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...group. Example 1.3: Let N(Z2) = 􀂢Z2 􀂉 I􀂲 be a neutrosophic group under addition. N(Z2) = {0, 1, I, 1 + I}. Now we see {0, I} is a group under + in fact a neutrosophic group {0, 1 + I} is a group under ‘+’ but we call {0, I} or {0, 1 + I} only as pseudo neutrosophic groups for they do not have a proper subset which is a group. So {0, I} and {0, 1 + I} will be only cal...

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...This book has four chapters. Chapter one is introductory in nature, for it recalls some basic definitions essential to make the book a self-contained one. Chapter two, introduces for the first time the new notion of neutrosophic rings and some special neutrosophic rings like neutro...

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... group. Example 1.1.3: Let N(Z2) = 〈Z2 ∪ I〉 be a neutrosophic group under addition. N(Z2) = {0, 1, I, 1 + I}. Now we see {0, I} is a group under + in fact a neutrosophic group {0, 1 + I} is a group under ‘+’ but we call {0, I} or {0, 1 + I} only as pseudo neutrosophic groups for they do not have a proper subset which is a group. So {0, I} and {0, 1 + I} will be only cal...

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...y others. The topics are tied together, and built on each other, so, if this is your first time with Java, it is recommended to read the chapters in the same sequence they are presented in the book. We...

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...…………48 • deprecated methods……………………………………...49 • passing Java arguments…………………………………..49 33 4 Java Tools 52 5 Problem solving 66 6 Simple-Level Logic • Type casting…………………………………………………...77 • Local variables………………………………………….…….78 • Simple operations…………………………………………..82 • Arithmetic operators……………………………….……..83 75 7 Moderate-Level Logic • Relation operators……………...

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...It was known to me his setting up in 1980’s of a new literary and artistic avant-garde movement that he called “paradoxism”, because I received some books and papers dealing with it in order to review them for the German journal “Zentralblatt fár Mathematik”....

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...Paradoxism is an avant-garde movement in literature, art, philosophy, science, based on excessive used of antitheses, antinomies, contradictions, parables, odds, paradoxes in creations....

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...FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC... ...FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC ... ...ress Rehoboth 1999, 2000, 2003 FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC... ...s Rehoboth 1999, 2000, 2003 FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC ... ...tion: 9 1. Neutrosophy - a new branch of philosophy: 13 2. Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics: 87 3. Neutrosophic Set - a unifying fi... ... a new branch of philosophy: 13 2. Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics: 87 3. Neutrosophic Set - a unifying field in sets: 112 4. Neut... ... and logics. He had generalized the fuzzy logic, and introduced two new concepts: a) “neutrosophy” – study of neutralities as an extension of dia... ...nterprets the uninterpretable; - regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems: showing that an idea, which is true in a given referent... ...ill be classified as neutrality. K) Delimitation from Other Philosophical Concepts and Theories: 1. Neutrosophy is based not only on analysis of opp...

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...As an alternative to the existing logics we propose the Neutrosophic Logic to represent a mathematical model of uncertainty, vagueness, ambiguity, imprecision, undefined, unknown, incompleteness, inconsistency, redundancy, contradiction. It is a non-classical...

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...roceedings of the First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics ... ...OCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS ... ... (second printed edition) 2002 This book can be ordered in microfilm format from: Books on Demand ProQuest Informati... ... ISBN: 1-931233-67-5 Standard Address Number: 297-5092 Printed in the United States of America First International Confe... ...erica First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Set, Probability and Statistics December 1-3, 2001 Univer... ...unm.edu/~smarandache/FirstNeutConf.htm. A selection of them is being published in these Proceedings of the Conference. Abstracts of papers were... ... - interprets the uninterpretable; - regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems: showing that an idea, which is true in a given ref... ...ikulich Eds, Vol. 9, pp. 149 194, 1979. Dynamic Fuzzy Sets and Neutrosophic Concepts Andrzej Buller ATR Human Information Science Laboratories... ... - interprets the uninterpretable; - regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems: showing that an idea, which is true in a given ref...

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...In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itself with the capability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has re...

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...e of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, India E-mail: vasantha@iitm.ac.in Florentin Smarandache Department of Mathematics University of N... ...h of the Neutrosophic Relational Map exhibiting the relations between the concepts of Women Empowerment and Community Mobilization and the HIV/AIDS ... ...nity Mobilization and the HIV/AIDS Epidemic. This book can be ordered in a paper bound reprint from: Books on Demand ProQuest Inform... ... ISBN: 1-931233-76-4 Standard Address Number: 297-5092 Printed in the United States of America 3 CONTENTS Dedication 4 Preface 5... ...erica 3 CONTENTS Dedication 4 Preface 5 Chapter One BASIC CONCEPTS ABOUT FUZZY COGNITIVE MAPS AND FUZZY RELATIONAL MAPS 1.1 Defi... ... OF DISSENT 5 PREFACE In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itsel... ...apability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system that... ...orld. Out of this need arose the system of Neutrosophy, and its connected logic, Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that ... ... interprets the uninterpretable; regards, from many different angles, old concepts, systems and proves that an idea which is true in a given referen...

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...In this book authors study and analyze the problem of school dropouts and their life after. The problems can by no means be analyzed by collecting the numerical data. For such data can only serve as information beyond that th...

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...The basic tools used in the analysis of the problem of school dropout and their life after are described briefly in this chapter. We provide also the references for these concepts. Bart Kosko introduced the Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) in the year...

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...Preface 5 Chapter One INTRODUCTION 7 Chapter Two BASIC CONCEPTS 21 Chapter Three CAUSES OF SCHOOL DROPOUTS – A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS 35 Chapter Four SCHOOL DROPOUTS AS CHILD LABOURERS 59 Chapter Five SCHOOL DROPOUTS AS RAG PICKERS USING FUZZY MODELS 79 Chapter Six PERFOR...

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...ge and hundreds of quotations from the Quran, the main source of Islam. It gives answers to FAQ such as those about Islam and violence, men and women in Islam....

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...1 Introduction 19 2 The General Features of Islam 20 2.1 Islam Is Based on Logic 20 2.2 Islam Is Based on Loving Allah and Being Careful of Him 22 2.3 Islam Is Comprehensive 25 2.4 Islam Is Universal 26 2.5 Islam Is Based on Peace 28 3 Belief Essentials of Islam 29 3.1 Allah -The One Real God-...

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...In the history of thought and creation, the decisive events, the great and significant moments, the strongly affirmative stages - then the imposition of the optimizing novelties - have depended on the name and prestige of a...

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...In aesthetics, the paradox means the apparent resolution of an enigmatic situation (the result of such a process is the satisfaction of a distention), the emotional moving force being the unforeseen, the unexpected (which g...

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...escu American Research Press Rehoboth 2002 3 This book can be ordered in microfilm format from: Bell and Howell Co. (University of Microf... ...marandache/ ISBN: 1-931233-53-5 Standard Address Number 297-5092 Printed in the United States of America 4 Foreword In the history of thought ... ...ose, we personalize further on. The examples are extremely numerous, even in our nearest past. When we mention a creation - in the largest sense of ... ...cealed and absurd. Something, that is dissimulated under the level of the logical acceptance, jumps out abruptly in the main point to consider and c... ...lthough it is an old construction of philosophy and an object of study for logic, the paradox has remained an insoluble sophism, an insoluble approac... ...erature: “all these texts that have flourished about the great enigmas of logic and that, through the subtlety of speculation, fascinate our mind”. ... ...cs of the metaphor. It’s certain that the literature reduces the abstract concepts to the sensual empirism, but on account of that it can’t renounce... ...irculation, but also from a specific movement of the great and correlative concepts. In mathematics there are commented and analyzed functions, “Smar... ...ntial paradoxist data and draws attention upon the continuos “re-form” of concepts at the end of millennium - towards a “lyrical adapting to the ant...

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...In this work the authors apply concepts of Neutrosophic Logic to the General Theory of Relativity to obtain a generalisation of Einstein’s four dimensional pseudo-Riemannian differentiable manifold in terms of Smarandache Geo...

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...ra. It considers that every idea tends to be neutralized, balanced by ideas; as a state of equilibrium. Neutrosophy is the basis of neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic set which generalizes the fuzzy set, and of neutrosphic probability and neutrosophic statistics, which generalize the classical and imprecise probability and statistics respectively. Neutrosophic Logic ...

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...M STATEMENT . THE BASICS OF NEUTROSOPHY 1.1 Problem statement 5 1.2 The basics of neutrosophy 8 1.3 Neutrosophic subjects 13 1.4 Neutrosophic logic. The origin of neutrosophy 14 1.5 Definitions of neutrosophic 16 Chapter 2 TRAJECTORIES AND PARTICLES 2.1 Einstein’s basic space-time 18 2.2 Standard set of trajectories and particles. A way to expand the set 22 ...

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...This book was intended to discuss some paradoxes in Quantum Mechanics from the viewpoint of Multi-Valued-logic pioneered by Lukasiewicz, and a recent concept Neutrosophic Logic. Essentially, this new concept offers new insights on the idea of ‘identity’, which too often it ...

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...2 Lukasiewicz Multi-Valued-logic: History and Introduction to Multi- Valued Algebra 2.1 Introduction to trivalent logic and plurivalent logic We all have heard of typical binary logic, Yes or No. Or in a famous phrase by Shakespeare: “To be or no...

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...Contents Foreword 6 1 Introduction: Paradoxes, Lukasiewicz, Multi-Valued logic 7 2 Lukasiewicz Multi-Valued Logic: History and Introduction to Multi-Valued Algebra 10 2.1. Introduction to trivalent logic and plurivalent logic 10 2.2. History of Lukasiewicz and Multi-Valued Logic 12 2.3. Intro...

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...Table of Contents IN THE HOTEL 8 LOOKING FOR HAPPINESS 10 WE MUST THINK MORE DEEPLY—AND UNDERSTAND OUR THINKING 20 OUR BASIC ASSUMPTIONS 24 -- THE FOUNDATIONS OF OUR VALUES -- 24 SELF-CENTEREDASSUMPTIONS 32 GODBASEDASSUMPTIONS 41 CONCEPTS OF G...

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... 0 “. . . AND GULLIVER RETURNS” --In Sea... ...ychological Motivations 1 “. . . AND GULLIVER RETURNS” --In Sea... ...UERING .............................................................................................................................. 45 POWER IN SPO... ... often put on the same podium to debate our beliefs, my realistic belief in the basic psychological drives that motivate us and her idealistic concep... ...can think our way into our behavior. I would certainly like to believe her, but the evidence points to the fact that we are psychological, not logica... ...ave probably heard, that‘s why we psychologists study our field—to throw suspicion off ourselves. ―We are afraid we won‘t be seen as logica... ...n imaging is giving us pictures of how the brain will react. Imaging often shows us that the brain will react in ways quite different from the logica... ...hilosophies, economic needs and blessings each influence our needs for and, our views of, an afterlife. The same influences seem to affect our concep... ...ord was a bit more comprehensive than just "sex," I hadn't given it the deep consideration that Montagu had. ―I was familiar with the Greek concep...