Gravity is not force of attraction. An one way concentrative potential is created by head-on congregation of particles from gentle pairing to high speed collision. It can be started by electromagnetic attraction or disturbance in the environment internally or externally. A terrestrial planet, for example, is the coalition of elements. It grows in the process of construction. The coalition builds the body and the force of keeping it together, gravity.

Gravity is not attraction. It is push, squeeze, or compression. The gathering of mases build a body and it's force of coalition, gravity. It might feel weak on an object. However, gravity center is the most intensive mass and energy center of a planet. The coalition of mass and energy forms an activity center of building structures and emerging of a plant.

Falling body experiments have shown us the gravitational acceleration is independent of composition, shape, size, and distance. However, attracting acceleration is dependent on composition, shape, size, and distance. Therefore: Gravity is not an attraction. Gravity is a contact force of all elements moving toward a target in uniform acceleration regardless of their differences in composition, shape, size, and distance. As any force, gravity can not exist withou...

Gravitational acceleration is independent of composition, shape, size, and distance. However, attracting is dependent on composition, shape, size, and distance. Therefore: Gravity is not a force of attraction. It is a contact force of all elements moving toward a target in uniform acceleration regardless of their differences in composition, shape, size, and distance; a concentrative potential. Objects move to minimum contact field would lost their concentrat...

Gravity is not force of attraction. An one way concentrative potential is created by head-on congregation of particles from gentle pairing to high speed collision. It can be started by electromagnetic attraction or disturbance in the environment internally or externally. A terrestrial planet, for example, is the coalition of elements. It grows in the process of construction. The coalition builds the body and the force of keeping it together, gravity.

Gravity is not attraction. It is push, squeeze, or compression. The gathering of mases build a body and it's force of coalition, gravity. It might feel weak on an object. However, gravity center is the most intensive mass and energy center of a planet. The coalition of mass and energy forms an activity center of building structures and emerging of a plant.

Falling body experiments have shown us the gravitational acceleration is independent of composition, shape, size, and distance. However, attracting acceleration is dependent on composition, shape, size, and distance. Therefore: Gravity is not an attraction. Gravity is a contact force of all elements moving toward a target in uniform acceleration regardless of their differences in composition, shape, size, and distance. As any force, gravity can not exist withou...

Gravitational acceleration is independent of composition, shape, size, and distance. However, attracting is dependent on composition, shape, size, and distance. Therefore: Gravity is not a force of attraction. It is a contact force of all elements moving toward a target in uniform acceleration regardless of their differences in composition, shape, size, and distance; a concentrative potential. Objects move to minimum contact field would lost their concentrat...

Viewing the random motion, an observer might think it is 50-50 chances that an object would move toward or away. It might be intuitive, however, it is far from the truth. This study derives the probability function of blueshift vs. redshift effect of signal detection. The probability function of blueshift is the risk of collision. It is also the chance to interact in dynamics. I believe it can be use to study risk vs. survival, navigation, dynamic interaction, and other applications.

Doppler blueshift detection is terminal event. It will terminate and switch to redshift at zero meridian. On the other hand, redshift could continue beyond the limit of observation. This natural of Doppler effect makes redshift highly dominating in all observations. It is more than 92% probability of detecting redshift in space.

Viewing the random motion, an observer might think it is 50-50 chances that an object would move toward or away. It might be intuitive, however, it is far from the truth. This study derives the probability function of blueshift vs. redshift effect of signal detection. The probability function of blueshift is the risk of collision. It is also the chance to interact in dynamics. I believe it can be use to study risk vs. survival, navigation, dynamic interaction, and other applications.

Doppler blueshift detection is terminal event. It will terminate and switch to redshift at zero meridian. On the other hand, redshift could continue beyond the limit of observation. This natural of Doppler effect makes redshift highly dominating in all observations. It is more than 92% probability of detecting redshift in space.

Study the contradictory interpretations of double slit experiment. Reasoning the validity of particle-wave duality, uncertainty, chaos, and multi-verses. Fundamental particle can only react precisely with it's environment, and vice versa. Above all, the rest of the universe is the absolute complement of an object. Even a particle, it is impossible for it to be anywhere else at the same time, since anywhere else is it's absolute complement.

Particle and wave are fundamentally different. Particle is mass of distinct entity, and wave is the reaction of it's complement, which is wide and complex. The participating entities and their actions can not be fully identified. Nonetheless, particle and wave are separate entities. Isn't it scientifically essential to differentiate particle and wave?

Exploits speed, time, and space to show why time dilation is impossible. Space and time are completely independent. Space has existence and absolutely recyclable. However, time is only reference information. It doest not exist in nature. Among all, TIME CAN NOT BE RECYCLED! Clocks can drift, yet, it is absolutely independent of time. Can we suppose the expansion or contraction of a yard stick meant the space has changed?

Time is only the reference information. It is not the element of the universe. Among all, TIME CAN NOT BE RECYCLED! Hasn't our obsession with time and speed clouded our judgment?

Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe.

The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift (>92%) do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations.

The question is, will we ever know if there are objects outside of the detectable universe radiating in wave length longer than CBR? We only measure the universe with visual radiations. Doesn't it seem that the age of the universe is determined by the size of our telescope? Nevertheless, there are activities of elementary particles which can not be detected by us? Isn't' it impossible to picture how far some active objects, say neutrinos, can be other than infinite.

Suppose we have perfect telescope that is limitless in range; And, we don't see anything when we look pass all objects; Can we say we have reached the edge of the Space or Universe? Or, there is infinity beyond Space?

Instead of measuring a civilization's level of technological advancement based on energy consumption point of view, I believe it is more appropriate on it's capability of commanding the cycle and recycle of energy and matter; or the mastery of fundamental elements. Type 0 Parasitic Type I: Energy Mastery Type II: Energy and Matter Mastery Don't think our progress is due to cheap energy. The truth is, our lack of progress is due to costly harness of energy and m...

I would not be too proud of our achievement. Don't think our progress is due to cheap energy. The truth is, our lack of progress is due to costly harness of energy and matter. It takes collected global effort to achieve higher civilization. Flopping butterfly wings causing a storm is as specious as earthquake by an elephant stumping his feet. One person can not make significant difference unless mass reactions took place.

Gravity is the inward force of keeping it's spherical shape. Force of tectonic motion has to fight against gravity to push the crust from the ocean floor to the top of mountain ranges. The only force that is persistently counteracting and can be stronger then gravity is the centrifugal force. It is likely the centrifugal acceleration made Earth oblate spheroid, and the main driving force of waving mantle along with crust, water and atmosphere. However, the added mass ...

I don't believe the mantle convection can be the driving force. Instead, it is driven by gravity and centrifugal forces. Hot mantle can not raise without the gravity or centrifugal force to provide ascending buoyancy. And, cool mantle will not sink without the gravity. It is the same principle of hot air does not raise and cold air does not sink in zero gravity. Gravity force makes denser elements sink and lighter ones raise. On the other hand, centrifugal force works i...

Study the contradictory interpretations of double slit experiment. Reasoning the validity of particle-wave duality, uncertainty, chaos, and multi-verses. Fundamental particle can only react precisely with it's environment, and vice versa. Above all, the rest of the universe is the absolute complement of an object. Even a particle, it is impossible for it to be anywhere else at the same time, since anywhere else is it's absolute complement.

Double-slit device is but a wave detector than a bullet hole counter. Particle and wave are fundamentally different. Particle is mass of distinct entity, and wave is the reaction of it's complement, which is wide and complex. The participating entities and their actions can not be fully identified. Nonetheless, particle and wave are separate entities. Isn't it scientifically essential to differentiate particle and wave?

Exploits speed, time, and space to show why time dilation is impossible. Space and time are completely independent. Space has existence and absolutely recyclable. However, time is only reference information. It doest not exist in nature. Among all, TIME CAN NOT BE RECYCLED! Clocks can drift, yet, it is absolutely independent of time. Can we suppose the expansion or contraction of a yard stick meant the space has changed?

Time is only the reference information. It is not the element of the universe. Among all, TIME CAN NOT BE RECYCLED! Hasn't our obsession with time and speed clouded our judgment?

Proves mathematically that the Doppler blueshift is terminal event and Doppler redshift is dominating by natural. However, radiation redshift is not only the result of Doppler effect but also the quality loss of radiation over vast distance. An observer is surrounded by radiations of all frequencies, much like a background noise of light, sound and smell of a city. CBR will show redshift as visible radiations. Nevertheless, not the indication of growing universe.

The dominating and exponential natures of radiation redshift (> 92%) do not suggest the acceleratingly physical departure of all astronomical objects; and, neither inflation nor a common origin. Universe will continue as is, no extra matter and energy needed. Otherwise, besides the demand of run-away energy; the interactions among energy, matter, run-away energy, run-away matter, and acceleratingly expanding the space to carry objects away can only lead to run-away interpretations.

Our perception is the information of the physical events collected by our sensors. Observation is a special case of transportation of stream of packages of information. The order and interval of the arrival of signals would determine the perception of the observer. One important issue to consider is, not all packages are received by the observer. We can catch more packages with high-speed recorder, however, many mores are lost, not to mention there are packages of signa...

The issue is, sometime we can not separate the event and it's information, and even fooled by it.

Space is everywhere with us. It's in our hands. However, it's impossible to bent, stretch, compress, or doing anything with it. Expansion of the space would intertwine with many paradoxes that is beyond comprehension. We have learned to manipulating matter and energy since our first existence on Earth, however, never space.

If you are riding on a craft, it will not carry you away if you there is no friction between you and the craft. Space is completely frictionless. It has no surface, and can only be regarded as absolute zero viscosity. Expansion of the space, if possible, will not drag anything along. It would just flow through and zip away by itself.

We have learned to manipulating matter and energy since our first existence on Earth, however, never space. Luckily, there is vacuum sharing some properties of space. We can create and shape vacuum to some extent. This experiment will observe the actions of vacuum, mass and energy to derive a logical understanding of space.

Here, the properties of space is summarized as: • Playing-field for mass, energy, and action. • Massless, shapeless, and weightless. • Actionless or absolute zero. • Contains no energy. • Frictionless or zero viscosity. • Incapable of any interaction. • Coexists with all objects. • Beyond measure. • Absolute independent. • Absolute integrity. It’s properties and location never alter.