Kingdom of Montenegro

Kingdom of Montenegro
Краљевина Црнa Горa Kraljevina Crna Gora
← 1910–1918 →
Flag Royal Coat of arms
Anthem Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori Убавој нам Црној Гори "To Our Beautiful Montenegro"
The Kingdom of Montenegro in 1914.
Capital		Cetinje (1910–1916)
Capital-in-exile		Bordeaux, Neuilly-sur-Seine
Languages		Serbian
Religion		Eastern Orthodox (official) [1] Sunni Islam, Roman Catholicism
Government		Constitutional monarchy
King
•	1910–1918	Nicholas I
Prime Minister
•	1910–1912	Lazar Tomanovic (first)
•	1917–1918	Evgenije Popovic (last)
Legislature		Parliament
Historical era		World War I
•	Proclamation	28 August 1910
•	Balkan Wars	1912–1913
•	Treaty of London	30 May 1913
•	Balkans Campaign	1914–1918
•	Corfu Declaration	20 July 1917
•	Unification with Serbia	28 November 1918
•	Creation of Yugoslavia	1 December 1918
Area
•	1910	9,475 km² (3,658 sq mi)
•	1912	14,442 km² (5,576 sq mi)
Population
•	1911 est.	220,000
•	1914 est.	423,000
Currency		Montenegrin Perper

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The Kingdom of Montenegro (Serbian: Краљевина Црнa Горa / Kraljevina Crna Gora), was a monarchy in southeastern Europe during the tumultuous years on the Balkan Peninsula leading up to and during World War I. Legally it was a constitutional monarchy, but absolutist in practice. On 28 November 1918 Montenegro was unified with the Kingdom of Serbia, then three days later, on 1 December 1918, it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

History

Prince Nicholas of Montenegro proclaimed the Kingdom of Montenegro in Cetinje on 28 August 1910. King Nicholas I (as he became) had ruled the country as Prince since 1860, and had initiated several modernizing reforms at the beginning of the 20th century, such as introducing a constitution and a new currency, the Montenegrin perper.

Montenegro joined the First Balkan War in 1912, hoping to get a share in the last Ottoman-controlled areas of Rumelia. Montenegro did make further territorial gains by splitting Sandžak with Serbia on 30 May 1913. But the Montenegrins had to abandon the newly captured city of İşkodra (Skadar in Serbian, subsequently Shkodër) to the new state of Albania in May 1913, at the insistence of the Great Powers, despite the Montenegrins having invested 10,000 lives into the capture of the town (April 1913) from the Ottoman-Albanian forces of Esad Pasha.

When the Second Balkan War broke out in June 1913, Serbia fought against Bulgaria, and King Nicholas sided with Serbia. Once again Montenegro found itself tossed into war, in which it won substantial additional territory.

During World War I (1914-1918) Montenegro allied itself with the Triple Entente, in line with King Nicholas' pro-Serbian policy. Accordingly, Austria-Hungary occupied Montenegro from 15 January 1916 to October 1918.

On 20 July 1917, the signing of the Corfu Declaration foreshadowed the unification of Montenegro with Serbia. On 28 November 1918, Montenegrin unification with Serbia was proclaimed. Nicholas I had staunchly supported unification with Serbia to form a great Serbian state for all Serbs, but had disputed with the kings of Serbia as to who would rule the new kingdom. The Podgorica Assembly dethroned King Nicholas on 26 November 1918; he died in exile.

During World War II, the occupying forces in Yugoslavia considered turning the Italian governorate of Montenegro into a puppet kingdom, but nothing came of these plans.

Rulers

King of Montenegro (1910–1918)

• Nicholas I of Montenegro (1910–1918)

Pretenders (1918–present)

• Nicholas I of Montenegro (1918–1921)
• Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro (Danilo III) (1921)
• Michael, Prince of Montenegro (Michael I) (1921–1986)
• Prince Nicholas of Montenegro (Nicholas II) (1986–Present)
  • Boris of Montenegro (Heir apparent) (born 1980)

Prime Ministers (1910–1916)

• Lazar Tomanović (1910–1912)
• Mitar Martinović (1912–1913)
• Janko Vukotić (1913–1915)
• Milo Matanović (1915–1916)

Prime Ministers in-exile (1916–1922)

• Lazar Mijušković (1916)
• Andrija Radović (1916–1917)
• Milo Matanović (1917)
• Evgenije Popović (1917–1919)
• Jovan Plamenac (1919–1921)
• Anto Gvozdenović (1921–1922)
• Milutin Vučinić (1922)
• Anto Gvozdenović (1922)

Gallery

See also

• History of Montenegro
• Principality of Montenegro

References

1. ^ Constitution of the Principality of Montenegro, 1905, Article 40, "Paragraph 1: State religion in Montenegro is Eastern-Orthodox. Paragraph 2: Montenegrin Church is Autocephalous. It is independent from any other Church, but maintains dogmatic unity with Eastern-Orthodox Ecumenical Church. Paragraph 3: All other recognized religions are free in Montenegro.[2]

External links

• Media related to at Wikimedia Commons
• Kingdom of Montenegro in 1918
• Map
• Map
• Montenegro - World Statesmen

Timeline of Yugoslav statehood
	Pre-1918	1918–1929	1929–1945	1941–1945	1943–1946	1946–1963	1963–1992	1991/1992–2003	2003–2006	2006–2008	2008–
Slovenia	Part of Austria-Hungary including the Bay of Kotor See also Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 1868–1918 Kingdom of Dalmatia 1815–1918 Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1878–1918	Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1918–1929) Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1929–1943) See also State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs 1918 Republic of Prekmurje 1919 Banat, Bačka and Baranja 1918–1919 Free State of Fiume 1920–1924 1924–1947		Annexed bya Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany	Democratic Federal Yugoslavia 1943–1946 Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 1946–1963 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 1963–1992 Consisted of the Socialist Republics of Slovenia (1944–1991) Croatia (1943–1991) Bosnia and Herzegovina (1943–1992) Serbia (1943–1992) (included the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and Kosovo) Montenegro (1943–1992) Macedonia (1944–1991)			Republic of Slovenia Ten-Day War
Dalmatia				Independent State of Croatia 1941–1945 Puppet state of Nazi Germany. Parts annexed by Fascist Italy. Međimurje and Baranja annexed by Hungary.				Republic of Croatiab Croatian War of Independence
Slavonia
Croatia
Bosnia								Bosnia and Herzegovinac Bosnian War Consists of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995–present), Republika Srpska (1995–present) and Brčko District (2000–present).
Herzegovina
Vojvodina	Part of the Délvidék region of Hungary			Autonomous Banatd (part of the German Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia)				Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Consisted of the Republic of Serbia (1990–2006) and Republic of Montenegro (1992–2006)	State Union of Serbia and Montenegro	Republic of Serbia Included the autonomous provinces of Vojvodina and, under UN administration, Kosovo and Metohija	Republic of Serbia Includes the autonomous province of Vojvodina
Serbia	Kingdom of Serbia 1882–1918			Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia 1941–1944 e
Kosovo	Part of the Kingdom of Serbia 1912–1918			Mostly annexed by Albania 1941–1944 along with western Macedonia and south-eastern Montenegro							Republic of Kosovog
Metohija	Kingdom of Montenegro 1910–1918 Metohija controlled by Austria-Hungary 1915–1918
Montenegro				Protectoratef 1941–1944						Montenegro
Macedonia	Part of the Kingdom of Serbia 1912–1918			Annexed by the Kingdom of Bulgaria 1941–1944				Republic of Macedoniah
a Prekmurje annexed by Hungary. b See also SAO Kninska Krajina (1990) → SAO Krajina (1990–1991); and SAO Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1990–1991), SAO Western Slavonia (1990–1991) and the Republic of Serbian Krajina (1990–1995), all replaced by the UN Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium (1996–1998). c See also Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia; and the Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs) of Bosanska Krajina, North-Eastern Bosnia, Romanija and Herzegovina (1991–1992), which all combined to form the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995). d Bačka was reannexed by Hungary (1941–1944), while Syrmia was annexed by the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1944).							e See also Republic of Užice. f Annexed by Fascist Italy (1941–1943) and Nazi Germany (1943–1944). Smaller part annexed by the Independent State of Croatia (1941–1944). g Kosovo is the subject of a territorial dispute between the Republic of Kosovo and the Republic of Serbia. The Republic of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence on 17 February 2008, but Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory. The two governments began to normalise relations in 2013, as part of the Brussels Agreement. Kosovo has been recognised as an independent state by 108 out of 193 United Nations member states. h Macedonia is known in the United Nations as The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia because of a naming dispute with Greece.