Description Details
...Fuzzy theory is one of the best tools to analyze data, when the data under study is an unsupervised one, involving uncertainty coupled with imprecision. However, fuzzy theory cannot cater to analyzing the data involved with indete...

Full Text Search Details
...NCES 290 INDEX 312 ABOUT THE AUTHORS 316 5 Preface Fuzzy theory is one of the best tools to analyze data, when the data under s... ...pervised one, involving uncertainty coupled with imprecision. However, fuzzy theory cannot cater to analyzing the data involved with indeterminacy.... ...l women in Tamil Nadu. Chapter 2 is an analysis of the situation using fuzzy theory in general and Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRM) in particular. The F... ... of the nodes/ concepts. In Chapter 4 for the first time we use neutrosophic theory in general and neutrosophic relational maps (NRM) in particular... ...bility distribution of patterns. The distribution of prototype vectors should statistically resemble the unknown distribution of patterns. Uniform... ...ing adjectives “supervised” and “unsupervised” stem from pattern recognition theory. The distinction depends on whether the learning algorithm uses... ... What can be the explanation given to such act? To be more precise these men statistically have not only infected their wives but also were regular... ...allows us to adaptively infer and modify fuzzy systems perhaps with neural or statistical techniques directly from problem domain sample data. Bet...

Description Details
...The author's motivating interest the past few years has been the development and dissemination of G-dimensional theory (GDT). K. Toshihara, from Japan, proposed the concept of a paper defining G-Dimensional theory in relation to the Smarandache quantum paradoxes. After reviewing a draft, Dr. M. L. Perez, Editor of the SNJ, suggested th...

Full Text Search Details
... L. Stephen Young G-DIMENSIONAL THEORY & THE SMARANDACHE QUANTUM PARADOXES: Comparative Logic and Mod... ...& THE SMARANDACHE QUANTUM PARADOXES: Comparative Logic and Modern Quantum Theory Table 1A. Elliptic Pa... ...Research Press Rehoboth 2001 2 L. Stephen Young G-DIMENSIONAL THEORY & THE SMARANDACHE QUANTUM PARADOXES: Comparative Logic and Mod... ...& THE SMARANDACHE QUANTUM PARADOXES: Comparative Logic and Modern Quantum Theory T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s Pa... ...97-5092 Printed in the United States of America 4 G-DIMENSIONAL THEORY & THE SMARANDACHE QUANTUM PARADOXES: Comparative Logic and Mod... ...cal systems, as interpreted by modern quantum theory. Quantum theorists use statistical probability in the case for non-structural projection and wo... ...ay ―yet, they have roughly comparable scatter percentages. This indicates a statistically improbable correlation: (refractive paradox). Furthermore,...

Full Text Search Details
...readily available for scholarly use if free of copyright restrictions. A statistical study of renewal registrations made by the Copyright Office in... ...v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186, 219-21 (2003). 124 Id. at 219 (“[E]very idea, theory, and fact in a copyrighted work becomes instantly available for pub... ...rch of the mandatory registry would, standing alone, be sufficient, but in theory a formal Page 77 REPORT ON ORPHAN WORKS U NITED STATES COPYRIGHT... ...rap.copyright.new.pdf; see also H.R. Rep. No. 94–1476, at 136 (1976) (‘‘A statistical study of renewal registrations made by the Copyright Office i...

Full Text Search Details
...readily available for scholarly use if free of copyright restrictions. A statistical study of renewal registrations made by the Copyright Office in... ...v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186, 219-21 (2003). 124 Id. at 219 (“[E]very idea, theory, and fact in a copyrighted work becomes instantly available for pub... ...rch of the mandatory registry would, standing alone, be sufficient, but in theory a formal Page 77 REPORT ON ORPHAN WORKS U NITED STATES COPYRIGHT... ...rap.copyright.new.pdf; see also H.R. Rep. No. 94–1476, at 136 (1976) (‘‘A statistical study of renewal registrations made by the Copyright Office i...

Description Details
...This second book devoted on advances and applications of Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT) for information fusion collects recent papers from different researchers working in engineering and mathematics. Part 1 of this book presents the current state-of-the-art on theoretical investigations while, Par...

Table of Contents Details
...conflict redistribution rule stable in terms of decision 69 by Arnaud Martin and Christophe Osswald 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . 69 2.2 Theory bases . . . . . . . . . . 70 2.2.1 Belief Function Models . . . . . . . . 70 2.2.2 Combination rules . . . . . . . . . 71 2.2.3 Decision rules . . . . . . . . . 72 2.3 The generalized PCR rules . . . . . . . . . 73...

Table of Contents Details
...ion framework with a practical codification for low complexity 217 by A. Martin 7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . 218 7.2 Short background on theory of belief functions . . . . 219 7.3 A general belief function framework . . . . . . 221 7.3.1 A practical codification . . . . . . . 221 7.3.2 Adding constraints . . . . . . . 224 7.3.3 Codification of the focal el...

Full Text Search Details
...OF SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MIGRANT LABOURERS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS USING FUZZY THEORY AND NEUTROSOPHIC COGNITIVE MAPS With Specific Reference To Rura... ... OF SOCIAL ASPECTS OF MIGRANT LABOURERS LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS USING FUZZY THEORY AND NEUTROSOPHIC COGNITIVE MAPS With Specific Reference To Rura... ...t of the mathematical research into migration has dealt with it on purely statistical lines and studied it on economic terms, while ignoring that mi... ... are used in the study of the problem. In chapter III yet another fuzzy theory technique namely the bi-directional associative memories is used in... ...em. In Chapter IV we first just recall some basic notions of neutrosophic theory, neutrosophic cognitive maps that are utilized in the analysis of t... ...tive to the vulnerability of being affected by HIV/AIDS, using both fuzzy theory and neutrosophy theory. We use the fuzzy models like relational ma... ...n the migrants are in a drunken state and so on. So we cannot give it any statistical form/data representation for the psychological study for the c... ...cal physics discovered graph theory for its own purposes. In the study of statistical mechanics by Uhlenbeck the points stands for molecules and two...

Description Details
...In this book, we study the subject of Smarandache Fuzzy Algebra. Originally, the revolutionary theory of Smarandache notions was born as a paradoxist movement that challenged the status quo of existing mathematics. The genesis of Smarandache Notions, a field founded by Florentine Smarandache, is alike to that of Fuzzy ...

Full Text Search Details
.... In its trajectory of stupendous growth, it has also come to include the theory of fuzzy algebra and for the past five decades, several researchers... ...y the subject of Smarandache Fuzzy Algebra. Originally, the revolutionary theory of Smarandache notions was born as a paradoxist movement that chall... ...ns, a field founded by Florentine Smarandache, is alike to that of Fuzzy Theory: both the fields imperatively questioned the dogmas of classical ma... ...eing assigned a value between 0 and 1 by a membership function. Fuzzy set theory was guided by the assumption that classical sets were not natural, ... ...eld [112] introduced the notion of fuzzy group and showed that many group theory results can be extended in an elementary manner to develop the theor... ...415 The study of how experiments can be organized systematically so that statistical analysis can be applied in an interesting problem which is car... ...k; this E is a number between 0 and 1 and it estimates the quality of any statistical analysis if E ≥ 0.75 the quality is good. Now, how does one... ...rk this E is a number between 0 and 1 and it estimates the quality of any statistical analysis if E > 0.75 the quality is good. Here we give the...

Description Details
...introduction of neutrosophic theory has put forth a significant concept by giving representation to indeterminates. Uncertainty or indeterminacy happen to be one of the major factors in almost all real-world problems. When uncertainty is modeled we use f...

Full Text Search Details
...eutrosophic Vector spaces 8 Chapter Two SOME BASIC RESULTS ON GRAPH THEORY AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FUZZY MODELS 2.1 Some basics on Gr... ...ophic algebraic structures is very recent. The introduction of neutrosophic theory has put forth a significant concept by giving representation to i... ...n almost all real-world problems. When uncertainty is modeled we use fuzzy theory and when indeterminacy is involved we use neutrosophic theory. Mo... ... further development of the other chapters. Chapter Two recalls basic graph theory definitions and results which has interested us and for which we ... ...al Maps. 13 Chapter Two SOME BASIC RESULTS ON GRAPH THEORY AND THEIR APPLICATIONS TO FUZZY MODELS In this chapter we re... ...iscovered graph theory for its own purposes more than once. In the study of statistical mechanics by Uhlenbeck the points stand for molecules and tw...

Excerpt Details
...roduced in the year 2002. The concept of bialgebraic structures which we define and study are slightly different from the bistructures using category theory of Girard's classical linear logic. We do not approach the bialgebraic structures using category theory or linear logic....

Full Text Search Details
...ine and study are slightly different from the bistructures using category theory of Girard's classical linear logic. We do not approach the bialgebr... ...inear logic. We do not approach the bialgebraic structures using category theory or linear logic. We can broadly classify the study under four he... ... o(G), then G has an element of order p. For more results about group theory please refer [23 & 27]. Now we proceed on to recall some basic conc... ...X or y ∈ X. Several other notions can be had from any textbook on ring theory. We just define two types of special rings viz group rings and semi... ...generates (N, +) is called a distributively generated near-ring. In the theory of near-rings a major role is played by the notion called N-groups. ... .... The study of how experiments can be organized systematically so that statistical analysis can be applied in an interesting problem which is car... ...k; this E is a number between 0 and 1 and it estimates the quality of any statistical analysis if E ≥ 0.75 the quality is good. 229 Now, how d... ...rk this E is a number between 0 and 1 and it estimates the quality of any statistical analysis if E > 0.75 the quality is good. Here we give the...

Description Details
...This work covers a substantial mosaic of related concepts in utility theory as applied to financial decision-making. It reviews some of the classical notions of Benthamite utility and the normative utility paradigm offered by the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory; exploring its m...

Full Text Search Details
...iness, Bond University for his thoughtful insights on some of the utility theory constructs. The author also feels indebted to a large extent to his ... ... This work covers a substantial mosaic of related concepts in utility theory as applied to financial decision-making. It reviews some of the cla... ... utility paradigm offered by the von Neumann-Morgenstern expected utility theory; exploring its major pitfalls before moving into what is postulated ... ...r the option buyer (insuree) the decision of an insurance purchase may be statistically conceptualized as a decision problem under risk with a pre-as... ...is not all that simple and not always explicable using the known rules of statistical probability theory. 10 Individuals often have very d... ...nd not always explicable using the known rules of statistical probability theory. 10 Individuals often have very distorted perceptions of ... ...go a cosmetic surgical procedure). Though one may predict with acceptable statistical reliability what decision an average human being will take giv... ...ase drawdown scenarios or risks of ruin even when, in reality, the actual statistical expectation of such ultra-negative scenarios are extremely sma... ...the entire investment account in a single trade; is something that may be statistically controlled using fractional money management techniques and...

Excerpt Details
...nly geometry together with the purport of physical laws can do so... The idea of the measuring rod and the idea of the clock contained with it in the theory of relativity do not find their exact correspondence in the real world. It is also clear that the solid body and the clock do not in the conceptual edifice of physics play the part of irreducible elements, but that of ...

Full Text Search Details
...dea of the measuring rod and the idea of the clock contained with it in the theory of relativity do not find their exact correspondence in the real ... ...on of Einstein's as reported by Rosser, p.398:[3] 7 The theory of relativity is often criticized for giving, without justificati... ...chooses for such a definition of time. It is advantageous, however, for the theory to choose only those processes concerning which we know something... ... will run faster there. Non sequitur. The upshot of all this is that the theory of relativity needs some heavy-duty reinterpreting. ... ...1998, ISBN 0-387- 98571-9, p.408 [3] W.G.V. Rosser, An Introduction to The Theory of Relativity, London, Butterworths, 1964, p.398 --------------... ...E) which leads to the idea that mass equals energy. 3. Thermodynamics and statistical physics are at about the same level of value as theories I a... ...e that it intersects an absolute space which is its own rest frame) and the statistical effect should be similar to a random walk, hence, statistica... ...ay from one another as in (3) the interaction will be farther apart. Hence, statistically the biggest effect will be from (2) and its cause will be ... ...eed of the moving charges (associated to the light space-forms) down. Thus, statistically the effect would be seen as a gradual slowing of light, du...

Description Details
...ebraic structure, linear algebra happens to be one of the subjects which yields itself to applications to several fields like coding or communication theory, Markov chains, representation of groups and graphs, Leontief economic models and so on. This book has for the first time, introduced a new algebraic structure called linear bialgebra, which is also a very powerful al...

Full Text Search Details
...elds itself to applications to several fields like coding or communication theory, Markov chains, representation of groups and graphs, Leontief econ... ...in this direction. 1.3.2 Smarandache Leontief economic models Matrix theory has been very successful in describing the interrelations between ... ...ween the industries in the economy 32 under considerations. Using matrix theory we evaluate certain parameters. The basic equations of the input-... ...entation existing between members of a set introduced, we have studied the theory of directed graphs to mathematically model the types of sets and r... ...or the first time we give the results of bimatrices in the field of coding theory. Very recently we have defined the notion of bicodes here we give ... ...ical physics discovered graph theory for its own purposes. In the study of statistical 139 mechanics by Uhlenbeck the points stands for molecules ...

Excerpt Details
...This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary...

Table of Contents Details
............28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS......................................

Excerpt Details
...This short technical paper advocates a bootstrapping algorithm from which we can form a statistically reliable opinion based on limited clinically observed data, regarding whether an osteo-hyperplasia could actually be a case of Ewing’s osteosarcoma. The basic premise underlying our methodology is that a primary...

Table of Contents Details
............28 3. Open and Solved Elementary Questions in Astronomy, by Florentin Smarandache.. 36 BIOLOGY......................................40 4. Statistical Modeling of Primary Ewing Tumors of the Bone, by Sreepurna Malakar, Florentin Smarandache, Sukanto Bhattacharya, in in , Vol. 3, No. JJ05, 81-88, 2005................41 CALCULUS......................................

Full Text Search Details
... in localized, open systems, order sometimes tends to increase and, by definition, statistical entropy tends to decrease. This is the orthodoxy. Pe... ... because the world is orderly and getting ever more so. Had this not been the case, statistically evenly-scattered events would have led to an incre... ...would have led to an increase in entropy (thermodynamic laws are the offspring of statistical mechanics). But this simply does not happen. And it... ...ce of all acquired characteristics as the sole vehicle of evolution) and Evolution Theory postulate that function determines form. Natural selectio... ...m is efficiently conveyed to all other divisions. T E C H NICAL NOT E - Complexity Theory and Ambiguity or Vagueness A Glossary of the terms used ... ...ecause we cannot predict future "borderline cases". It would seem that a complexity theory formalism can accurately describe both ambiguity and vagu... ...ates")? Indeed, pointer States are reminiscent of the "strange attractors" of chaos theory! Most measurements are indirect - they tally the effects ... ...n: collapse events and states which tend to increase entropy are filtered out and statistically "avoided". They are measured less. There seems to ... ...oided". They are measured less. There seems to be a guiding principle (that of the statistical increase of order in the Universe). This guiding pri...

Full Text Search Details
... and instability of stable systems. Let's note by <A> an idea, or proposition, theory, event, concept, entity, by <Non-A> what is not <A>, and by <A... ... to measure the truth, indeterminacy, and falsehood. My hypothesis is that no theory is exempted from paradoxes, because of the language imprecisio... ...ions. Recursivity is seen as a computer program that learns from itself. The statistical regression method may be employed as well to determine a b... ...eria and the complementarity of various sources. For example, the Possibility Theory (Zadeh 1978, Dubois, Prade) gives a better approach than the F... ... Theory (Zadeh 1978, Dubois, Prade) gives a better approach than the Fuzzy Set Theory (Yager) due to self-improving connectives. The Possibility Th... ...2] Dempster A.P.,“A Generalization of Bayesian Inference”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Serie B, Vol. 30, pp. 205 247, 1968. [13] Dezert ... ... the following reference). [50] Shafer G.,“Savage Revisited (with discussion)”, Statistical Science 1, pp. 463 501, Reprinted in Decision Making, edit... ... the introduction of ever changing technology have made the use of traditional statistical methods questionable. In financial markets one would need... ...frequencies do not approximate a Benford distribution This statistical test will not reveal whether or not a data misrepresentati...

Full Text Search Details
.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 L. Nottale Fractality Field in the Theory of Scale Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 L. Borisso... ... . . . . . . . . . . . 20 C. Castro, M. Pavˇ siˇ c The Extended Relativity Theory in Clifford Spaces.. . . . .31 K. Dombrowski Rational Numbers Distri... ...nal, the detec- tor reacts to a wave of the metric in accordance with this theory. Therefore it is concluded that quadrupole mass detectors would be t... ... of chronometric invariants (physical observable quantities in the General Theory of Relativity) defnes gravitational inertial force F i without the R... ... Havrda J. and Charvat F. Kybernatica, v. 3, 1967, 30. Tsallis C. Jour. of Statistical Physics, v. 52, 1988, 479. Tsallis C. Non-extensive statistical... ... Moon. 1 Introduction It has been earlier shown, that the fne structure of statistical distributions of measurement results of processes of various na... ...otated collimator confrm a conclusion about dependence of fne structure of statistical distributions on a direction in space. This fne structure is de... ...i- tudes of fuctuations in each given moment [4]. Thus, a fne structure of statistical distributions presents a spectrum of the permissible amplitudes... ...surement (in this case on radioactive decay). With accuracy of traditional statistical criteria, overall characteristics of distribution of radioactiv...

Full Text Search Details
...e of mental health the third question is often formulated as "is it normal" (=is it statistically the norm of this particular society in this partic... ...lly in almost every area of psychological functioning." (p. 2) The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)) IV-TR (2000), published by the America... ...lurks the question: what constitutes normal behavior? Who is normal? There is the statistical response: the average and the common are normal. But... ...he functional school regard mental health disorders as perturbations in the proper, statistically "normal", behaviours and manifestations of "health... ...it unacceptable if the experiments meet the criteria of the scientific method. The theory must be all-inclusive (anamnetic), consistent, falsifiabl... ... deeply ingrained, maladaptive, lifelong behavior patterns – in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition, text revision [American Psyc... ...oven that Turing Machines are a private instance of a general, much stronger, class theory (a-la Principia Mathematica). The integration of hardware... ...revealing, insightful, aesthetic, and parsimonious - in short, it must constitute a theory and produce falsifiable predictions. A metaphor is also s... ...– a medical doctor by profession (Neurologist) and Bleuler before him – came with a theory regarding the structure of the mind and its mechanics: (s...

Full Text Search Details
.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 D. Rabounski A Theory of Gravity Like Electrodynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...sova Gravitational Waves and Gravitational Inertial Waves in the Gen- eral Theory of Relativity: A Theory and Experiments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...i, L. Borissova, F. Smarandache Quantum Causality Threshold in the General Theory of Relativity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...d until it has been demonstrated that this is truly required by Einstein’s theory. Mere assumption is not permissible. 2 The basic geometry of the sim... ...s not commonly regarded as serious, and certainly is not so if the general theory of relativity is thought of solely as a macroscopic theory to be app... ...ynamically achieved from pure initial states without a procedure of either statistical or chaotic mixing. In quantum theory, however, the mixed, or de...