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Excerpt: On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin.

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...rwin A PENN STATE ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin is a publication of the Pennsylvania State Univer... ...r for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin, the Pennsylvania State University, Electronic Cl... ...ity is an equal opportunity university. 3 Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species by Charles Darwin ‘But with regard to the material world, we can at... ...ment of Learning. Down, Bromley, Kent, October 1st, 1859. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selec- tion, or the Preservation of Favoured Ra... ...ured Races in the Struggle for Life. By Charles Darwin 4 On the Origin of Species Contents Introduction Chapter I Variation under Domestication Cause... ... Domes- tic Varieties — Difficulty of distinguishing between Varieties and Species — Origin of Domestic Variet- ies from one or more Species — Domesti... ... II Variation under Nature Variability — Individual Differences — Doubtful species — Wide ranging, much diffused, and com- mon species vary most — Spe... ...ry most — Species of the larger gen- era in any country vary more than the species of the smaller genera — Many of the species of the larger genera re... ...truggle for life most severe between individuals and varieties of the same species; often severe between species of the same genus — The relation of o...

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...Introduction: The species of publication which has come to be generally known by the title of Annual, being a miscellany of prose and verse, equipped with numerous engravings, and put forth every year about Christmas, had flourished for a long...

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...ter Scott My Aunt Margaret’s Mirror by Sir Walter Scott INTRODUCTION. T he species of publication which has come to be generally known by the title of... ...selves to the recollection of such of my readers as have ever dabbled in a species of lore to which I certainly gave more hours, at one period of my l... ..., that —as I stop, rest on my crutch-headed cane, and look round with that species of comparison between the thing I was and that which I now am—it al... ...y the fineness of its texture. It was Lady Bothwell who had suggested this species of disguise, partly to avoid observation 23 Sir Walter Scott as th... ... them both, and particularly Lady Bothwell. He was barefooted, excepting a species of sandals in the antique fashion; his legs were naked beneath the ... ...with black, as if for a funeral. At the upper end was a table, or rather a species of altar, covered with the same lugubrious colour, on which lay div... ...gyman that beautiful girl, who advanced at once with diffidence and with a species of affectionate pride. In the meantime, and just as the clergyman h...

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...ature obtained in the Social Kingdom by a process analogous to that of the gardener?s craft in the Vegetable Kingdom, to wit, by the forcing-house--a species of hybrid which can be raised neither from seed nor from slips. This product is known as the Cashier, an anthropomorphous growth, watered by religious doctrine, trained up in fear of the guillotine, pruned by vice, to...

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... gardener’s craft in the Vegetable Kingdom, to wit, by the forcing-house—a species of hybrid which can be raised nei- ther from seed nor from slips. T... ...ndorser pays the amount named for the obliging person who accepts it. This species of fraud is tolerated because it is impossible to detect it, and, m...

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...eveals, these stories are a collection of some of Mark Twain's more fanciful and eccentric works. They run the gamut from political commentary to our species' need to be remembered somehow. Taken as a whole the stories are whimsical. Taken individually, they speak the truth in different ways. (Introduction by John Greenman)...

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... If the writer, like the surgeon beside his dying friend, is filled with a species of rev- erence for the subject he is handling, should not the reade... ...rpretations or versions of the same thing or the same event by the various species which compose the genus Parisian,—”Parisian” is here used merely to... ...eneralize our remark. Therefore, if you should say to an individual of the species Practical, “Do you know Madame Firmiani?” he would present that lad... ...the right, and put the same question to that other man, who belongs to the species Lounger. “Madame Firmiani?” he says; “yes, yes, I know her well; I ... ...re the order of the day.” You have ques- tioned a being classed Egotist, a species who would like to keep the universe under lock and key, and let not... ...e a whisper). “Shall I present you?” The speaker is a youth of the Student species, known for his boldness among men and his timidity in a boudoir. “M... ...oman who is still worth the trouble of a passion.” This remark is from the species Fop, who has just break- fasted, doesn’t weigh his words, and is ab... ...nother. “Nothing finer.” You 6 Madame Firmiani have questioned one of the species Connoisseur. He leaves you to go to Perignon’s or T ripet’s. T o hi... ...her ten years ago in Rome; she was very handsome then.” Individuals of the species Attache have a mania for talking in the style of T alleyrand. Their...

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...ontinue to live at intellectual cross purposes and waste the forces of our species needlessly and abundantly. This persuasion is a very important thin... ...s one is that the senses and mind will work as well as the survival of the species may require, but that they will not work so very much better. There... ... meated with the suggestion of the vagueness and instability of biological species. A biological species is quite obviously a great number of unique i... ...reat number of unique individuals which is separable from other biological species only by the fact that an enormous number of other linking individua... ... in time— are in other words dead and gone—and each new individual in that species does, in the distinction of its own individual- ity, break away in ... ...however infinitesimal degree from the pre- vious average properties of the species. There is no property of any species, even the properties that cons... ...that is not a matter of more or less. 13 H. G . Wells If, for example, as species be distinguished by a single large red spot on the back, you will f... ... crim- son, and so on and so on. And this is true not only of bio- logical species. It is true of the mineral specimens constitut- ing a mineral speci... ...tions of material science; it is true and still more evidently true of the species of common thought; it is true of common terms. Take the word “Chair...

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...repared for a luxurious night’s rest. Here, contrary to the custom of this species of tale, we leave the General in possession of his apartment until ... ... the neck and shoulders, which fall down to the ground, and terminate in a species of train. “I thought the intrusion singular enough, but never harbo... ... the frontiers every dale had its battle, and every river its song. A rude species of chivalry was in con- stant use, and single combats were practise... ...tish Border, and others are mentioned in contempo- rary chronicles. At the species of singular combat which we have described the Laird’s Jock was unr...

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...stion of a good din- ner. We like at such moments to remain in quietude, a species of middle ground between the reverie of a thinker and the comfort o... ...which the gentle manners and loyalty of the provinces are transmitted as a species of birthright. Attracted to the theatre of war before the date at w... ...s plan was accompanied by such apparent good luck that he fancied he saw a species of predestination in this favor bestowed upon him by fate. He opene... ...hough he were dead. A very hot bath was all that saved him.” “It must be a species of lockjaw,” said one of the guests. “I don’t know,” she answered. ... ... shall I do? For Heaven’s sake, give me some advice!” The honest man, that species of puritan not unlike the father of Jeannie Deans, of whom I have a...

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...us indecision (when the animal spirits seemed utterly in abeyance) to that species of energetic concision—that abrupt, weighty, unhurried, and hollow-... ...inged instruments, which did not inspire him with horror. T o an anomalous species of terror I found him a bounden slave. “I shall perish,” said he, “... ...His countenance was, as usual, cadaverously wan—but, moreover, there was a species of mad hilarity in his eyes—an evidently restrained hysteria in his...

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...s form, from the environment in which it is obliged to develop. Zoological species are the result of these differences. The announcement and defence ... ... to the conditions in which he lives and acts, into men as manifold as the species in Zo- ology? The differences between a soldier, an artisan, a man ... ... lion, the ass, the crow, the shark, the seal, the sheep, etc. Thus social species have always existed, and will always exist, just as there are zoolo... ...s have always existed, and will always exist, just as there are zoological species. If Buffon could produce a magnifi- cent work by attempting to repr... ...es not allow herself; it is nature plus society. The description of social species would thus be at least double that of animal species, merely in vie...

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...rocodile? The Provencal was not sufficiently educated to know un- der what species his enemy ought to be classed; but his fright was all the greater, ... ... form of rosettes, which distinguish the pan- ther from every other feline species. This tranquil and formidable hostess snored in an attitude as grac...

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...of my own voice, and had become in every respect a fitting subject for the species of torture which awaited me. Shaking in every limb, I groped my way... ...y changed during slumber. I now lay upon my back, and at full length, on a species of low framework of wood. To this I was securely bound by a long st...

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... strength, make myself humbly small, cringe like the hapless female of all species, that you may lift me up? and then, when I, helpless and broken, as... ...e tapestried arm- chair near the stove, before a table, with his feet in a species of muff, Monsieur Becker was reading a folio volume which was propp... ...od a jug of beer and a glass, at his right burned a smoky lamp fed by some species of fish-oil. The pastor seemed about sixty years of age. His face b... ...g himself into a chair between the two tables and was contemplating with a species of intoxication this picture full of harmony, to which the clouds o... ...otion, the breath incomprehensible of the sovereign Maker of the universe. Species are too distinctly separated for the human hand to mingle them. The... ...at did you see?” asked Wilfrid, astonished at this sud- den change. “I saw Species and Shapes; I heard the Spirit of all things; I beheld the revolt o... ... At last she conquered; Desire—let loose upon her in every Shape and every Species—was vanquished. She stood in prayer, and when at last her eyes were... ...an intuition of that God who seems so insoluble a problem is obtained? The species which are beneath you have no conception of the universe, and you h... ...no conception of the universe, and you have; why should there not be other species above you more intelligent than your own? Man ought to be better in...

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...ous memory; al though I did reverence and esteem her more than any of human species. But you, or your interpolator, ought to have considered, that it... ...r, when you insisted on the mo tive of public good, that the Yahoos were a species of Gulliver’ s Travels – Swift 5 animals utterly incapable of a... ... deceiving, and equivo cating, so deeply rooted in the very souls of all my species; especially the Europeans. I have other complaints to make upon t... ...ions of my Yahoo nature have revived in me by conversing with a few of your species, and par ticularly those of my own family, by an unavoidable nec... ...founded upon the great law of nature, in order to propagate and continue the species, the Lilliputians will needs have it, that men and women are join... ... I have good rea son to believe, that he took me for a young one of his own species, by his often stroking my face very gently with his other paw. In... ... ancient times.” He said “it was very reasonable to think, not only that the species of men were originally much larger, but also that there must have... ... compliance than is usual among writers, especially those of the project ing species, professing “he would be glad to receive fur ther information.” ... ... own confession: for otherwise, there not be ing above two or three of that species born in an age, they were too few to form a general observation b...

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... It is so like our planet that a terrestrial botanist might find his every species there, even to the meanest pond- weed or the remotest Alpine blosso... ...epers, their energy of reform awakens responsive notes in me, and to their species I look for a large part of the urgent repair of our earth; yet for ... ...tial substance of life. As against the individual the state represents the species, in the case of the Utopian World State it absolutely represents th... ...ecies, in the case of the Utopian World State it absolutely represents the species. The individual emerges from the species, makes his experi- ment, a... ... sults, intellectual, material and moral, upon the world. Biologically the species is the accumulation of the experi- ments of all its successful indi... ...ural employment? These people will have to be in the descendant phase, the species must be engaged in eliminating them; there is no escape from that, ... ...g resent- ment the multitude of suffering ineffectual lives over which his species tramples in its ascent. In the Modern Utopia he will have set himse... ...uman security is the greatest evil of life. The way of Nature is for every species to increase nearly to its possible maximum of numbers, and then to ... ..., thwart, torture, and kill the weakest and least adapted members of every species in existence in each generation, and so keep the specific average r...

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...rror about unity, about personality, about time and quantity and genus and species, about begetting and beginning and limi- tation and similarity and ... ...e finds oneself suddenly in the net of those ancient controversies between species and individual, between the one and the many, which arise out of th... ... how profoundly modern biology has affected our ideas of individuality and species, and how the import of theology is modified through these changes. ... ...ing the importance of the individual and developing the realisation of the species, as if it were a 49 H. G. Wells kind of super-individual, a modify... ...uent individuals. Natural History, which began by putting individuals into species as if the latter were mere classificatory divisions, has come to se... ...if the latter were mere classificatory divisions, has come to see that the species has its adventures, its history and drama, far exceeding in interes... ...ding in interest and importance the individual ad- venture. “The Origin of Species” was for countless minds the discovery of a new romance in life. Th... ... other individualities in an uncertain multitude of de- scendants. But the species is not like this; it goes on steadily from newness to newness, rema... ...re episode, beneficial or aban- doned, in this continuing adventure of the species. And Metchnikoff finds most of the trouble of life and the dis- tre...

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..., and perhaps be of use to them (and to uncles and such-like tributary sub-species of humanity) in buying presents for their own and other people’s ch... ...e battlements; it lives tame in the zoological gardens, and is of the same species as one we formerly observed in our archipelago. Note, too, the bris...

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...oints against him,—his appearance, and his mental equipment. There are two species of Pole, as there are two species of Englishwoman. 7 Balzac When a... ... mansions of our ancestors are constantly being demolished and replaced by species of phalansteries, in which the peers of July occupy the third floor... ...re of the existence, half-suppressed and wholly dumb but very useful, of a species of factotum who was personally invis- ible, named Paz,—spelt thus, ...

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...ould go to a man of science and say: ‘I want an individual of the bimanous species, able to live in holes full of old boots, pestiferous with rags, an... ...ho go into business, with extreme elegance, which many of them regard as a species of prospectus. “I’ve come for some money,” said Bixiou, laughing, a... ... like some machine the movement of which is about to run down. The body, a species of broom-handle decently cov- ered with clothes, enjoyed the advant... ...iness, the dim light rasped the nerves. When the Southerner, impelled by a species of self-assertion, gazed firmly at the toad, he felt a sort of emet... ...g on politically.” Masson gave a glance at Gazonal, more eloquent than any species of question. “Oh! you can speak out, that’s my cousin; in a way he ...

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...ian age the seas contained at least fifteen hundred veg- etable and animal species. My feet, which had become ac- customed to the indurated lava floor... ...ry well,” said he quietly, “it is the shell of a crustacean, of an extinct species called a trilobite. Nothing more.” “But don’t you conclude—?” “Just... ...earliest reptile forms. The Devonian seas were peopled by animals of these species, and deposited them by thousands in the rocks of the newer formatio... ...pods, besides sigillaria, asterophyllites, now scarce plants, but then the species might be counted by thousands. The coal measures owe their origin t... ... to these singular creations. Were they some of the two hundred thou- sand species of vegetables known hitherto, and did they claim a place of their o... ...e,” said I; “and why should not these waters yield to us fishes of unknown species?” “At any rate,” he replied, “we have not seen any yet.” “Well, let... ...you will observe that these fossil fishes have no identity with any living species. T o have in one’s possession a living specimen is a happy event fo... ... “It is of the order of ganoids, of the family of the cephalaspidae; and a species of pterichthys. But this one dis- plays a peculiarity confined to a... ...extinct family of the dipterides, but of which my uncle could not tell the species; none had organs of sight. This unhoped-for catch recruited our sto...