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... The third, more tacit, way was to legitimize leisure time. Whereas the Jewish and Protestant work ethics condemned idleness in the past – they now... ...sed a "return to basics": self-reliance, the family, nature, the community, and the Protestant work ethic. To those who adhere, he promised an elim... ...come self-aware and exclusionary only during the Middle Ages or, at the latest, the Reformation. Max Weber (1864-1920) attributed its success to its...

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... the main theological teachings of that time. It summarizes the reasonings for almost all points of Christian theology in the West, which, before the Protestant Reformation, subsisted solely in the Roman Catholic Church. The Summa's topics follow a cycle: the existence of God, God's creation, Man, Man's purpose, Christ, the Sacraments, and back to God.(Summary adapted from...

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... the main theological teachings of that time. It summarizes the reasonings for almost all points of Christian theology in the West, which, before the Protestant Reformation, subsisted solely in the Roman Catholic Church. The Summa's topics follow a cycle: the existence of God, God's creation, Man, Man's purpose, Christ, the Sacraments, and back to God.(Summary adapted from...

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... the main theological teachings of that time. It summarizes the reasonings for almost all points of Christian theology in the West, which, before the Protestant Reformation, subsisted solely in the Roman Catholic Church. The Summa's topics follow a cycle: the existence of God, God's creation, Man, Man's purpose, Christ, the Sacraments, and back to God.(Summary adapted from...

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...of Rotterdam (1466/69-1536). It is considered one of the most influential works of literature in Western civilization and one of the catalysts of the Protestant Reformation. It starts off with a satirical learned encomium after the manner of the Greek satirist Lucian, a piece of virtuoso foolery; it then takes a darker tone in a series of orations, as Folly praises self-de...

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... reading through the Captivity was completely converted to the cause of the Reformation and became one of Luther’s ablest co-workers in the movement... ...er’s works (1915). The third came from the facile pen of Bertram Lee Woolf (Reformation Writings of Martin Luther: Vol. I, The Basis of the Protesta... ... Lee Woolf (Reformation Writings of Martin Luther: Vol. I, The Basis of the Protestant Reformation) and was published by the Lutterworth Press of Lon... ...(Reformation Writings of Martin Luther: Vol. I, The Basis of the Protestant Reformation) and was published by the Lutterworth Press of London in 1952... ... 58 John Wycliffe (d. 1384), the most prominent English reformer before the Reformation and keenest of medieval critics of the doctrine of transubst...

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........................................................................................................................................ 50 Siegfried as Protestant................................................................................................................................................. 52...

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............................................................. 50 Siegfried as Protestant.................................................................... ...rical design of The Rhine Gold, The Valkyries, and Siegfried. Siegfried as Protestant THE PHILOSOPHICALLY FERTILE element in the original project of S... ...tworthy interpreter of God and revelation than the Church. This was called Protestant- ism; and though the Protestants were not strong enough for thei... ... has justified the direction it took. Nowadays the supernatural element in Protestantism has perished; and if every man’s private judgment is still to... ... is not a more extreme proposition than the old one about the will of God) Protestantism must take a fresh step in advance, and become Anarchism. Whic... ...ity of his prodigious artistic power by the first fierce attack of the New Reformation, gave no quarter to the antagonist of his hero. His Wotan, whom...

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...Contents ON CHRISTIANITY, AS AN ORGAN OF POLITICAL MOVEMENT..................................4 PROTESTANTISM............................................................................................................... 39 ON THE SUPPOSED SCRIPTURAL EXPRESSION FOR ETERNITY ................................ 90 JUDAS ISCA...

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...hereafter, i.e., spoke agreeably to that character. ‘How *A Vindication of Protestant Principles. By Phileleutheros Anglicanus. London: Parker. 1847. ... ...es, purposely left open by the English Thirty-nine Articles (ay, or by any Protestant Confession), to plant nov- elties not less startling to religiou... ... unseasonable, and almost culpable. On such a subject as the Philosophy of Protestantism—‘satius erat silere, quam parcius, dicere.’ Better were absol... ...g pages we propose to vindicate the fundamental and inherent principles of Protestantism.’ Good; but what are the fundamental principles of Protestant... ...e to defend the varieties of doctrine held by the different communities of Protestants.’ Why, no; that would be a sad task for the most skilful of fun... ... whether there is or not; but I am sure there is no Protestant by-road, no Reformation short-cut, to the dem- onstration of Deity. It is true that Phi... ...erman, to a Swiss, or to a Scotsman, that, three thousand years before the Reformation, the author of the Pentateuch was kept from erring by a divine ... ... the authors of 62 Theological Essays and Other Papers – V olume One this Reformation—Luther, suppose, Zwingle, John Knox— either making translations...

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...ling, and a shilling can at any time be had for them. Even before the late reformation of the gold coin of Great Britain, the gold, that part of it at... ...ver coin still continues in the same worn and degraded state as before the reformation of the cold coin. In the market, however, one- and-twenty shill... ... are still consid- ered as worth a guinea of this excellent gold coin. The reformation of the gold coin has evidently raised the value of the silver c... ... coin which the mint gives in return for standard gold bullion. Before the reformation of the gold coin, the price of standard gold bullion in the mar... .... The example of the churches of Scotland, of Geneva, and of several other protestant churches, may satisfy us, that in so creditable a profession, in... ...he Roman catholic clergy called upon the civil magistrate to persecute the protestants, and the church of England to persecute the dissenters; and tha... ...e by the powerful motive of self-interest, than perhaps in any established protestant church. The parochial clergy derive many of them, a very conside... ...eneva, on the contrary, in the prot- estant cantons of Switzerland, in the protestant countries of Ger- many, in Holland, in Scotland, in Sweden, and ... ...in all cases, the less able must the state be to defend itself. In several protestant countries, particularly in all the protestant cantons of Switzer...

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...ngs and confessions and vigils. But Luther delivered us from all that. His reformation was a triumph of imagina- 19 Preface to Androcles and the Lion... ...nd does not even know that it was written in Latin. If you press an Ulster Protestant as to why he regards Newton as an infallible authority, and St. ... ...darker after his death until the darkness, after a brief false dawn in the Reformation and the Renascence, culminated in the commercial night of the n... ...ly Jesuist side of it. He would have been quite in his place in any modern Protestant State; and he, not Jesus, is the true head and founder of our Re... ... and elsewhere, the Inquisition, the “wars of religion” which followed the Reformation, all presented them- selves as Christian phenomena; but who can... ...moral force from his credit, and so had to keep his gospel alive. When the Protestants translated the Bible into the vernacular and let it loose among... ...he Pentateuch as Pascal wrote his Thoughts or D’Aubigny his History of the Reformation, or that St. Jerome wrote the passage about the three witnesses... ...onizers pro- ceeded on the assumption that their business was to establish Protestantism as well as to make money and thereby secure at least the live...

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...essons a continued and progressive instruction in religion. But the Church-Protestantism imparted to us was, properly speaking, nothing but a kind of ... ..., have been much indebted to him: he pub- lished remarks on the so-called “Reformation of Frankfort,” a work in which the statutes of the state are co... ...ible to a child, and accustomed myself to reciting them in the tone of the Protestant preachers. The versified French comedy was then much in vogue: t... ... love of her, and had soon traced out where she sat. Thus, during the long Protestant service, I gazed my fill at her. When the congregation left the ... ...a very uncertain foot- ing, there could be no dispute but that, within the Protestant part of Germany and of Switzerland, what is generally called com... ...at- ter only the more happily and splendidly. The Prussians, and with them Protestant Germany, acquired thus for their literature a treasure which the...

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...upon every branch of social economy, upon every organ of civilization, his reformations and advances are equally due; due as to all, if due as to any.... ...s of this kind are universal and endless. No land, the most austere in its Protestantism, but has adopted these superstitions: and everywhere by those... ... their arms, solemnly stepped on shore from the vessels of Christendom. We Protestants know better: we understand the impossibil- ity of supposing suc... ...—not, indeed, as to its spirit, but as to its form and local connections—a Protestant di- vine of much merit, and chiefly in what regards practice, an... ...site feelings. But there was another simultaneous omen, which affected the Protestant enthusiasts, and the superstitious, whether Catholic or Prot- es...

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...ohann Fischart, a native of Mainz or Strasburg, who died in 1614. He was a Protestant controversialist, and a satirist of fantastic and abundant imagi... ...d possi- bly have interfered. In the remainder the sentiment is distinctly Protestant. Rabelais was much struck by the vices of the clergy and did not... ...he was not favourable to a political reform. Those who would make of him a Protestant altogether forget that the Protestants of his time were not for ... ...w he was to be regarded. Rabelais belonged to what may be called the early reformation, to that band of honest men in the beginning of the sixteenth c... ...belais printed in Switzerland, which would certainly have happened had the Protestants looked on him as one of themselves. That Rabelais collected the... ...s T urquet and his son Theodore belonged, both well-known, and both strong Protestants. The obscurity relating to this matter is far from being cleare... ...tes. Beda de optimitate triparum. The Complaint of the Barristers upon the Reformation of Comfits. The Furred Cat of the Solicitors and Attorneys. Of ...

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...emselves with speculation at all. From the days of Hypatia to those of the Reformation, the illustrious Heloisa is almost the only woman to whom any s... ...o find itself disputed, the influence of priests over women is attacked by Protestant and Liberal writers, less for being bad in itself, than because ...

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... girdle of a superstition. A great licentiousness treads on the heels of a reformation. How many times in the history of the world has the Luther of t... ...f the Temple, the Advent of Christ, Dark Ages, the Revival of Letters, the Reformation, the discovery of new lands, the open- ing of new sciences and ... ..., the porter? Broader and deeper we must write our annals,—from an ethical reformation, from an influx of the ever new, ever sanative conscience,—if w... ...the lengthened shadow of one man; as, Monachism, of the Hermit Antony; the Reformation, of Luther; Quak- erism, of Fox; Methodism, of Wesley; Abolitio... ...ust not imagine that all things are lapsing into confusion if every tender protestant be not compelled to bear his part in certain social conventions;...

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...pring, or taste of any fruit of the autumn, would not have a better measure of time than the Romans had before the reformation of their calendar by Ju... ...well of, be a ground of as- sent, men have reason to be Heathens in Japan, Mahometans in Turkey, Papists in Spain, Protestants in England, and Luthera...

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...cceeds him. — Troubles in Bohemia. — Civil War. — Ferdinand extirpates the Protestant Religion from Styria. — The Elector Palatine, Frederick V., is c... ...great or remarkable occurred in the political world of Europe in which the Reformation had not an important share. All the events of this period, if t... ...hiller clusively, the whole of its immense political power. In France, the Reformation had en- kindled a civil war which, under four stormy reigns, sh... ...a century rendered it the scene of the most mournful disorders. It was the Reformation, too, that rendered the Span- ish yoke intolerable to the Flemi... ...ened Elizabeth, were mainly intended in revenge for her hav- ing taken his Protestant subjects under her protection, and placing herself at the head o... ...e threw up a firm barrier against po- litical oppression. It was, too, the Reformation principally that first drew the northern pow- ers, Denmark and ... ...Sweden, into the political system of Europe; and while on the one hand the Protestant League was strengthened by their adhesion, it on the other was i... ... of success, made an attempt on the inde- pendence of the German States, a Protestant league would scarcely have rushed to arms in defence of freedom ... ...he possession of the imperial throne — a dignity it was impos- sible for a Protestant to hold, (for with what con- sistency could an apostate from the...

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...ARACTERISTICS Aes- thetic elements in religion—Contrast of Catholicism and Protestantism— Sacrifice and Confession— Prayer— Religion holds that spirit... ...e, so crudely is it often employed, of the famous Catholic taunt, that the Reformation may be best understood by remem- bering that its fons et origo ... ...religion is one of union with the divine. The heretics who went before the reformation are lavishly accused by the church writers of antinomian practi... ...omish Church such characters find a more congenial soil to grow in than in Protestantism, whose fashions of feeling have been set by minds of a decid-... ...ing have been set by minds of a decid- edly pessimistic order. But even in Protestantism they have been abundant enough; and in its recent “liberal” d... ...hed early in the nineteenth century, shows how far the muse of evangelical protestantism in England, with her mind fixed on the idea of danger, had at... ...unite healthy- mindedness with readiness for regeneration by let- ting go. Protestantism has been too pessimistic as [56] Edwards, from whose book on ...

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...the reigns of John and his incapable successor. The troubled period of the Reformation also produced sev eral eminent hereditary monarchs—Elizabeth, ... ...ent education, but perhaps the safety of the government itself. An English Protestant would not be easily induced, by disclaimers of proselytism, to p... ...atholics will not send their children to schools in which they can be made Protestants; and we expect that Hindoos, who believe that the privileges of...

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... may be thrown back for centuries. T o speak only of religious opinions: the Reformation broke out at least twenty times before Luther, and was put do... ...isted in, it was successful. In Spain, Italy, Flanders, the Austrian empire, Protestantism was rooted out; and, most likely, would have been so in Eng... ...xample in the condition of Europe during the times immediately following the Reformation; another, though limited to the Continent and to a more cul ... ... the intellect and judgment of mankind ought to be cultivated, a thing which Protestants at least do not deny, on what can these faculties be more app... ... make a clever nisi prius advocate of a cause. But in countries pro fessing Protestantism, this resource is denied; since Protestants hold, at least ... ...f the first five centuries, and though not implicitly adopted by moderns and Protestants, has been much less modified by them than might have been exp... ... as not only irreligious, but unchaste, indecent, gross, disgusting. What do Protestants think of these perfectly sincere feelings, On Liberty — Mill...

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..., accept social changes to-day as tamely as their forefathers accepted the Reformation under Henry and Edward, the Restoration under Mary, and, after ... ...he XVI century came, and the Church was reformed in several countries, the Reformation was so largely a rebellion against sacerdotalism that marriage ... ...wn on the scrap-heap with the sale of Indulgences and the like; and so the Reformation left marriage where it was: a curious mixture of commercial sex... ...ndent of women. We also have to bring ourselves into line with the rest of Protestant civilization by providing means for dis- solving all unhappy, im...

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...aterial things and upon the senses and the hands was still mighty. (b) The Protestant revolt brought with it an immense increase of interest in theolo... ...l individualism after the sixteenth cen- tury, and with the development of Protestantism, the times were ripe for an emphasis upon the rights and duti... ...uch practi- cal changes cannot take place without demanding an educational reformation to meet them, and without lead- ing men to ask what ideas and i...

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...which followed their success against the Persian arms, to establish such a reformation. Instead of this obvious policy, Athens and Sparta, inflated wi... ...and bloody contests, may be said, in fact, to have severed the league. The Protestant and Catholic cantons have since had their separate diets, where ... ...duced opposite alliances with foreign powers: of Berne, at the head of the Protestant association, with the United Provinces; and of Luzerne, at the h...

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...ne de Medici; and thus it was to have no future anywhere else, because the Protestant interest was bound up with the prosperity of Queen Elizabeth. Th... ... the degree of the sovereign’s orthodoxy and possible helpful- ness to the Reformation. He should have been the more careful of such an ambiguity of m... ...hing unclean, which lost France, if we are to believe M. Michelet, for the Reformation; a spirit necessarily fatal in the long run to the existence of... ...Queen Mary had condemned female rule in the eyes of Knox, the accession of Protestant Queen Eliza- beth justified it in the eyes of his colleagues. Fe... ...,” but because she represents for the moment the political fu- ture of the Reformation. The exiles troop back to England with songs of praise in their... ..., besides, to assure himself of English support, secret or avowed, for the reformation party in Scotland; a delicate affair, trenching upon treason. A... ...e calls her “his left hand.”** In June 1559, at the headiest moment of the Reformation in Scotland, he writes regretting the absence of his helpful co...

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...ny of his notes in the margins. This obscure family of ours was early in the Reformation, and continued Protestants through the reign of Queen Mary, w... ...ins. This obscure family of ours was early in the Reformation, and continued Protestants through the reign of Queen Mary, when they were sometimes in ... ...n the aid of religion, I propos’d to them the proclaiming a fast, to promote reformation, and implore the blessing of Heaven on our undertaking. They ...