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...r of the vulgar, as though they were changing the form of government to an oligarchy, and designing to keep the supreme power in a sort of wardship un... ...versities in the country. The Hill quarter favored de- mocracy, the Plain, oligarchy, and those that lived by the Sea- side stood for a mixed sort of ... ...the democracy, and that the farming population were not so much opposed to oligarchy. Themistocles, however, formed yet higher designs with a view to ... ...of six persons rather than two was some satisfac- tion to the opponents of oligarchy. This was the condition of the times when Camillus was in the hei... ...ysses. He was always supposed to hate popu- lar government, and to support oligarchy. The chief ground of his being suspected of defacing the images w... ... made use of by those who desired to change the government of Athens to an oligarchy. But as soon as they prevailed, and had got the administra- tion ... ... surprise the Cadmea, and, banishing the contrary faction, to establish an oligarchy, and by that means subject the city to the supremacy of the Spart... ...itude not according to their own inclinations, but as being subjects of an oligarchy. The battle being thus divided, the Lacedaemonians first beat off... ... were, the bit out of the mouth of the people, which, being freed from the oligarchy, would now break out again into affronts and insolence; and Lysan...

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...rove to be more permanently and solidly combined that the old nobility? An oligarchy of a hundred thousand rich men presents all the dangers of a demo... ...zzar’s feast is the everlasting symbol of the dying days of a caste, of an oligarchy, of a power!” he thought as he walked away. “My God! if it be Thy...

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...rie, and much less friendly. It’d had more generations in which to form an oligarchy of respectability. Here, a stranger is taken in if he is correct,... ...s men of the cash-register and the comic film, who make the town a sterile oligarchy. VII She had sought to be definite in analyzing the surface uglin...

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... between the pioneers and the brisk “sales-engineers” and created a somber oligarchy by gaining control of banks, mills, land, railroads, mines. Out o...

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... new light sprung up and yet springing daily in this city? should ye set an oligarchy of twenty engrossers over it, to bring a famine upon our minds ...

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...akes us more seriously than we take our- selves. He seems to think that an oligarchy of wealth is growing up here, and he advised me to be on my guard...

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...Faubourg Saint-Germain tried to be an aristocracy when it could only be an oligarchy— two very different systems, as any man may see for himself if he... ...f the noblesse meant to reinstate themselves, the better to found a strong oligarchy, they should have honestly and dili- gently searched their Houses...

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... leading dog, who either divides it among the few, and then it falls to an oligarchy, or keeps it to himself, and then it runs up to a tyranny. The sa...

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...uld was not a born slaveholder—not a birthright member of the slaveholding oligarchy. He was only a slaveholder by marriage-right; and, of all slaveho...

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...ted, had represented to her that he was an offshoot of the old slave holding oligarchy which, within her own vivid remembrance, had plunged the countr...

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...ch interval of time the government had been administered nomi- nally as an oligarchy, but really by a single man, Demetrius the Phalerian being so pow... ...e saw also that the Corinthians were chiefly governed by something like an oligarchy, and the people but little concerned in public business. Now know...

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...e can scarcely be ex- pected to distinguish between the ambitions of a new oligarchy and the real wants of the people of whom he knows nothing. But it...

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...e magnificent temporary officers and all this wealth of munitions. And the oligarchy is so invincibly for- tified! Do you think it will let in Frenchm... ... make this proposal!” 3 3 3 3 3 The antagonistic relations of the Anglican oligarchy with the greater and greater-spirited Britain that thrust behind ... ...n Germany, probably they are exaggerated in Germany with a bigger military oligarchy and a relatively lesser civil body under it. This antagonism is t... ...nterests and community of aim that is utterly beyond the habits of the old oligarchy to conceive, 124 War and the Future beyond the scope of that taw...

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...ition; but I, nevertheless, maintain that to de- sire command in a few—[an oligarchy.]—in a republic, or another sort of government in monarchy than t...

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...Democracy, he explains, is the government not of the many but of the poor; oligarchy a government not of the few but of the rich. And each class is th... ...s desirous to have his whole plan of government neither a democracy nor an oligarchy, but something between both, which he calls a polity, for it is t... ...they commend that of Lacedsemon; for they say, that this is composed of an oligarchy, a monarchy, and a democ- racy, their kings representing the mona... ...n this government of Plato’s there are no traces of a monarchy, only of an oligarchy and democracy; though he seems to choose that it should rather in... ...d democracy; though he seems to choose that it should rather incline to an oligarchy, as is evident from the appointment of the magistrates; for to ch... ...ublic affairs, while others are passed over, makes the state incline to an oligarchy; as does the endeavouring that the greater part of the rich may b... ...e of their sen- ate; the manner of electing which is favourable also to an oligarchy; for all are obliged to vote for those who are sena- tors of the ... ...ristocracy and democracy, some incline to produce a de- mocracy, others an oligarchy: for instance, if the kings and the senate are unanimous upon any... ... after they are out of it; and in this particular the state inclines to an oligarchy: but as they are not elected by lot, but by suffrage, and are not...

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...organizers override the government de jure, or to relapse upon a practical oligarchy of officials, an oligarchy that will certainly decline in efficie...

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...ar fellow. Politics consist in giving the nation an impetus by creating an oligarchy embodying a fixed theory of government, and able to direct public...

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... bending beneath the yoke of an insolent and factious 238 Sketches by Boz oligarchy; bowed down by the domination of cruel laws; groaning beneath tyr...

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... bending beneath the yoke of an insolent and factious 238 Sketches by Boz oligarchy; bowed down by the domination of cruel laws; groaning beneath tyr...

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...ntific, and efficient; the Western countries have to do the same with that oligarchy of politicians which, as Pro- fessor Michels has recently pointed... ...Powers have to attain a common end. Both bureaucracy and pseudo-democratic oligarchy have to accomplish an identi- cal task, to cement the pacific all... ...advises them respectfully. But that was in the closing days of the British oligarchy; that was before modern democracy had begun to produce its charac... ... Great Britain rubs her eyes and looks at her government as it is. The old oligarchy established the tradition of her diplo- macy. Illiberal at home, ...

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...us doctrine indeed, and one which would place us under the despotism of an oligarchy. Our judges are as honest as other men, and not more so. They hav... ...Judge Douglas, Mr. Jefferson holds, would reduce us to the despotism of an oligarchy. Now, I have said no more than this,—in fact, never quite so much...

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...great democratic republic has hitherto existed in the world. T o style the oligarchy which ruled over France in 1793 by that name would be to offer an... ... and that it would retain none of the fierce characteristics of a military oligarchy. I am persuaded 816 Democracy in America that, in such a case, a...

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...h in- sufferable flights of fancy, our picked men ruling! So des- potic an oligarchy as would be there, is not a happy subject of contemplation. It is...

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...pand these three into six. Monarchy may be divided into royalty and tyranny; oligarchy into aristocracy and plutocracy; and democracy may observe the ... ...maintain the law, this is called aristoc- racy , or if they neglect the law, oligarchy . When an individual rules according to law, whether by the hel... ...even. Under monarchy we have already distin- guished royalty and tyranny; of oligarchy there were two kinds, aristocracy and plutocracy; and democ- ra... ...d the government of the few they distinguish by the names of aristocracy and oligarchy . YOUNG SOCRATES: Certainly . STRANGER: Democracy alone, whethe... ... government is called aristocracy; and when they are regardless of the laws, oligarchy . YOUNG SOCRATES: True. 123 Plato STRANGER: Or again, when an ... ...ny; the rule of the few into aristocracy , which has an auspicious name, and oligarchy; and democ- racy or the rule of the many , which before was one...

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..., those of Crete and Sparta, which are generally applauded; what is termed oligarchy comes next; this is not equally approved, and is a form of gover... ...he new government which thus arises will be of a form intermediate between oligarchy and aristocracy? Very true. Such will be the change, and after th... ...de, how will they proceed? Clearly, the new State, being in a mean between oligarchy and the perfect State, will partly follow one and partly the othe... ..., as our plan requires, begin with the State. By all means. I believe that oligarchy follows next in order. And what manner of government do you term ... ...plied. Ought I not to begin by describing how the change from timocracy to oligarchy arises? Yes. Well, I said, no eyes are required in order to see h... ...higher Plato’s The Republic 225 in one place and lower in another, as the oligarchy is more or less exclusive; and they allow no one whose property f... ...t and most difficult of all. This, then, will be the first great defect of oligarchy? Clearly. And here is another defect which is quite as bad. What ... ...tion of the State? True. Such, then, is the form and such are the evils of oligarchy; and there may be many other evils. Very likely. Then oligarchy, ... ...any rate the individual out of whom he came is like the State out of which oligarchy came. Let us then consider whether there is any likeness be twee...

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...isonment and death. This happened in the days of the democracy. But when the oligarchy of the Thirty was in power, they sent for me and four others in...

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...ive under their own laws, drawing a tribute, and establishing within it an oligarchy which will keep it friendly to you. Because such a government, be... ...and the Romans. The Spartans held Athens and Thebes, establishing there an oligarchy, nevertheless they lost them. The Romans, in order to hold Capua,...

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...s it defeats every form of government except that of a necessarily corrupt oligarchy. Democracy in the most democratic modern republics: Prance and th...

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...postors. I want a democratic power strong enough to force the intellectual oligarchy to use its genius for the general good or else perish. BARBARA. I...

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...hy, that is to say, the bad King comes to be a Despot. From Aristocracy to Oligarchy the transition is made by the fault of the Rulers in distributing... .... Where the Husband lords it in everything he changes the relation into an Oligarchy; be- cause he does it contrary to right and not as being the bett...

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...ook of the Republic, who are gener- ated in the transition from timocracy to oligarchy: the sun, which is to the visible world what the idea of good i...

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...iament who was not fit to be a candidate, the government would be a narrow oligarchy indeed. To have a voice in choosing those by whom one is to be go...

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...ce. Under the French Empire all men are equal. There is no aristocracy; no oligarchy; no overshadowing of the little by the great. One superior is adm...

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...It was to be a contest between the powers of aristocracy and the powers of oligarchy, as those powers existed in West Barsetshire,—and it may be added...

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...le; in any other modern state it cannot exist. The opposite term to it was oligarchy, in which a small council of men controlled the affairs of the st... ...rchy, in which a small council of men controlled the affairs of the state. Oligarchy, narrowed down to one man, became monarchy. If you wished to be p... ...arrowed down to one man, became monarchy. If you wished to be polite to an oligarchy you called it an aristocracy; if you wished to point out that a m... ...ch was rather by way of being self-appointed, you called him a T yrant. An oligarchy with a property quali- fication was a plutocracy. Now the modern ...

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...rous, the actual management of affairs was rigidly concentrated in a small oligarchy within the oligarchy, whose whole lives were devoted to the study... ...ns than those which constitute their “real” interest, neither monarchy nor oligarchy would be such bad governments as they are; for assuredly very str... ... enlightened, and high minded people. But a king only now and then, and an oligarchy in no known in stance, have taken this exalted view of their sel... ...t employment both at home and abroad, though known to sympathize more with oligarchy than with democracy. The instructed minority would, in the actual... ...e of the Roman republic, the reasons for the ballot were irresistible. The oligarchy was yearly becoming richer and more tyrannical, the people poorer... ...e, for it was a vote against the monster evil, the overruling influence of oligarchy. Could the voter at that time have been enabled, with safety to h... ...r men’s will—mere organs for putting power into the hands of a controlling oligarchy. The electors themselves are be coming the oligarchy. “Exactly i...

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...evision, the air is full of vague dan- gerous demands for aristocracy, for oligarchy, for autocracy. It is like a man who jumps out of his automobile ... ...and nineteenth centuries a wrong idea, and must we go back to Caesarism or oligarchy or plutocracy or a theocracy, to Rome or Venice or Carthage, to t... ...han the Tsar or some President by pronunciamento. They are an acciden- tal oligarchy of adventurers. Representative government has never yet existed i...

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...bers, with the great landholders; the differ ent classes whom this narrow oligarchy was induced, for con venience, to admit to a share of power; and... ... selfish mismanagement of local interests, by a job bing and borné local oligarchy . But the more certain the public were to go wrong on the side op...

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...ands of a few select men, and their heirs or successors, and then it is an oligarchy; or else into the hands of one man, and then it is a monarchy; if...

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...extraordinary. Whilst the objection itself is levelled against a pretended oligarchy, the principle of it strikes at the very root of repub- lican gov... ...t in a few families, and would lead more directly to an aristocracy or an oligarchy than any measure that could be contrived. If, to avoid an ac- cum...

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...few words, remind the reader what sort of a thing this is, which the white oligarchy of the South have banded themselves together to propagate and est... ...an effort, to be dealt with at the pleasure of an exasperated slave owning oligarchy? Could it abandon the Germans who, in Western T exas, have made s...