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...Colonel Lenderman explores the increase in the number and influence of mobility generals in the late twentieth century and looks toward the future, presenting possible reasons why these generals will continue to rise or why their opportunities may be limited. She concludes by discussing the significance ...

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.... . . . . . . .6 2 THE RISE OF MOBILITY OPERATIONS . . . . 9 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3 THE RISE OF MOBILITY GENERALS . . . . . . 27 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4 THE FUTURE OF MOBILITY GENERALS . . . .61 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72 5 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . ...

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...RCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Rise of Air Mobility and Its Generals ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3 THE RISE OF MOBILITY GENERALS . . . . . . . . . ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4 THE FUTURE OF MOBILITY GENERALS . . . . . . ... ...rs and atomic weap- ons led to the rise of Strategic Air Command and its leaders, the bomber generals, within the Air Force. The power... ... leaders, the bomber generals, within the Air Force. The power and influ- ence of the bomber generals peaked in the early 1960s. In th... ...es planned to use China as a future staging base for an inva- sion of Japan and also needed “to keep Japanese forces (over 1.2 million...

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...the Fighter Community (1965–72) . . . . 185 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 8 Changing of the Guard: The Rise of the Fighter Generals (1973–82) . . . . . . 211 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 9 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239...

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...s Cataloging–in–Publication DataWorden, R. Michael, 1954–Rise of the fighter generals : the problem of air force leadership, 1945–1982 / R. MichaelWor... ...orce—Officers—History. 2. Fighter pilots—Promotions—UnitedStates—History. 3. Generals—United States—History—20th Century. 4. Leader -ship. I. Title.UG... ... Page8 Changing of the Guard: The Rise of the Fighter Generals (1973–82) . . . . . . . . . 211 Notes . . . . . . .... ... Illustrations Figure1 Advanced Schooling of Air Force Four-Star Generals (World War II Generation) . . . . . . . . 732 Strategic Air C... ...dly curtailed.’” The Army Air Forces alsoensured that 426 B-29s overflew the Japanese surrender ceremony onboard the Missouri. 68. USSBS , 6:1. “The s... ... airpower managed by airmen hadbrought about total military victory over the Japanese inspectacular fashion. Their memories were consumed by twototal ... ...rce was not entirely insular. It did rely on theNavy for supplies and bombed Japanese airfields at the request of the Navy. 79. Betts, 83; Janowitz, 2... ...Arnold sent him to fashion the B-29bomber as a “decisive” weapon against the Japanese. First,LeMay operated out of India and China, where he trainedcr... ... to reduce waste and increasesortie production. Having learned in China that Japanesefighters had difficulty in intercepting the fast, high-flyingB-29...

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... Lot to Deal With. They Realize That in Order for the Fighting to End, They Must Kill Both Emperors of America and Russia. But Even Combined With the Japanese Army, They Are Outnumbered. America and Russia Control More Land, Have Better Resources and America Has the Canine Demi Legion (Cdl) on Their Side. It is Up to the Gcdw Commandants to Find a Way to Kill the Enemy Emp...

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...oving a single claw and dipping it in theink, the High Lord wrote in clear Japanese that would read English;Emperor Haruko which becomes love,In case ... ...e that would read English;Emperor Haruko which becomes love,In case of the Japanese falling, the Demi Great Cats sigh. We inquireabout your suit; conc... ...on’t be pushed asidelike an old, defiled pelt. You know the customs of the Japanesebecause you do trade with them.”“You’re a male; you would fare bett... ...n I amemotional.”And there’s a third reason he can’t go.“What of the other generals?” Kasumi caved on him.“Depends; some of them, like the Cougars, do... ...” Kasumi caved on him.“Depends; some of them, like the Cougars, don’t know Japanese at all,or their customs. Others, like Sauda, don’t have the patien... ...hird reason is your relationship; a slap in the face and a challengeto the Japanese Empire to respect our people, as well as a useful one.An Ambassado... ... the humans cankeep their end of the bargain.”They bowed just as the human generals appeared. Then they rose andleft, splitting down the hall to march... ...ror. We’ll need to tell him this.”“You can barely understand him!”“But his generals should be surrounding him, and they know Latin. Ithink he should, ...

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... examines the German air force (GAF) monograph project, also known as the Karlsruhe project, through which the US Air Force employed former Luftwaffe generals to record the history of World War II from the German perspective....

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...my’s perspectivewas born of the fact that a considerable number of the seniorGerman and Japanese leaders who survived the war were inAmerican custody.... ...he Schutzstaffel (SS)went about its work of atrocity and genocide. Much as Confed-erate generals preserved the ethos of the lost cause in the his-tori... ...he ethos of the lost cause in the his-toriography of the American Civil War, the German generalspreserved the myth of the apolitical Wehrmacht. ... ...known as the Karlsruhe project, through whichthe US Air Force employed former Luftwaffe generals to recordthe history of World War II from the German ... ...,has identified the German reports as the central factor. TheArmy even asked its German generals to critique existing Ameri-can doctrine. Although the... ...have explored USAF doctrinal stagnation during theCold War. Worden, Rise of the Fighter Generals; and Ziemke, “In the Shadowof the Giant.” 17. Deichm... ... The survey published its first summary conclu-sions on the European theater before the Japanese surrenderin the hope that its findings might prove us... ...mmandordered the production of operational monographs by formerofficers of the Imperial Japanese army and navy. The resultingprogram continued until ... ...its doctrine in the 950s. 8. Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, “Introduction to the JapaneseMonographs.” 9. “Von Rohden Collection,” 45–49. 0. ...

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...The moment you complete you mission objectives or find out it is not possible without committing much more resources you should leave. Generals throughout history had a tendency to build empires and always demand more soldiers. Somewhere the President must draw the line and regain control. Historically this happened in the First World War when Lloyd George, ...

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...orld now knows of Bletchley Park and Ultra which some say makes the Allied Generals lessimpressive since they had inside information on the other side... ...rmation on the other side. I don't agree with that statementbecause German Generals did not always follow orders and thus negated Ultra completely. Fo... ... is always amusing to me that most English speaking people know the German Generals by namebut not their own except for the very top men. It is a grea... ... gave the German Army their first shock of the war. He was executed by the Japaneseafter several attempts to swop him was refused by Stalin.As a matte... .... It certainly confirms what I said beforemuch to the agro of some African generals. Once the professional Western soldiers get stuck in thereis not m... ...ese Naval Attaches via their triple agent called Tricycle and knew off the Japanese interest intheir own successful carrier attack against the Italian... ... it would have been better for the British Empire to keep quiet andlet the Japanese struck. It is not his fault that Tricycle was disliked as a playbo... ...ed submarine warfare whilst it was known that the U.S. Navy sank99% of the Japanese commercial fleet under exactly the same circumstances. He got ten ... ...at knowledge to create a dirty bomb. It is known to have happened with the Japanese incident.This is the worst scenario possible for it was long belie...

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... 5. PLAN AND REALITY -THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AAF AERIAL MINELAYING............26 Plans and Opportunities “Outer Zone" Results “Inner Zone" Results Japanese Mine Countermeasures World War II Conclusions 6. AERIAL MINELAYING -AN AIR FORCE MISSION............31 Contributions of the Army Air Forces Mines and the Postwar Air Force Mines in Three Limited Wars The Lessons...

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... 26 Plans and Opportunities “Outer Zone" Results “Inner Zone" Results Japanese Mine Countermeasures World War II Conclu... ...Air Forces (AAF) devoted a small percentageof its long-range capability to aerial minelaying against Japanese warships and commerce. Sea mines--explos... ...by the airforces of Britain, Australia, and the United States accomplished a worthwhile attrition of Japaneseshipping. Finally, in 1945, "Operation St... ..., B-29s of the 462nd Bomb Group thundered down the Moesi River only 500feet above the water, strafed Japanese ships and unleashed a cargo of mines. Th... ...ver, World War II naval officers could not afford to ignore that in the American Civil War,the Russo-Japanese War, and World War I, mines sank or dama... ...y VLR (Very Long Range, e.g., B-29) aircraft where operationally feasible.5 AAF planners, such as Generals Kuter and Lauris Norstad, chose to inter... ...all number of be1ievers such as Ellis Johnson and Kenneth Veth, who ultimatelypersuaded admirals and generals that aerial mining would be effective. I...

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...R II: SOVIET AIR FORCE . . . .51 13 WORLD WAR II: THE FALL OF THE LUFTWAFFE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 14 WORLD WAR II: PACIFIC—JAPANESE AIRPOWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 15 WORLD WAR II: PACIFIC—THE USAAF IN THE SOUTHWEST. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 16 WORLD WAR II: CENTRAL PACIFIC—NAVAL AIRPOWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...

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...FALL OF THE LUFTWAFFE . . . . . . . . . . . 55 14 WORLD WAR II: PACIFIC—JAPANESE AIRPOWER . . . . . . . . . . 61 15 WORLD... ... (the experimental Langley excluded). The treaty did allow the British,Americans, and Japanese to exceed the individual ship tonnage on two of their v... ...fessional education for its officers. World War II Hitler told his generals that war might come in 1942, but instead he attacked Po... ...I, its Desert Air Forcehelped the American Airmen greatly in persuading the US ground generals of the validityof tactical air doctrine. The success of... ...nt, US Military Academy) Chapter 14 World War II: Pacific— Japanese Airpower The Birth of Japanese Airpower At ... ... The Birth of Japanese Airpower At the onset of World War II, little was known about Japanese airpower. Japan was anewly industrialized power; few Am... ...n the century. One of the reasons it wasable to do so was the conclusion of the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of 1902. The Japanese army,on the other hand, to... ...y could therefore underwrite the peace along with the new UnitedNations (UN). The air generals had to make their choice. The last to go would be thest... ...and died at Fort Worth. The senior Robert Lee Howze and both his sons retired as Army generals.Figure 52. C-7 Caribou, transferred from Army to Air Fo...

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...ed) stimulate periodical repetition of historical events. In the books many examples of such repetitions are given. The resemblances between names of generals having participated in the World Wars and the ones between names of enclaves and cities that have been granted a special status are analyzed. In terms of astrology we consider the aspects (conjunctions, oppositions, ...

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.........8 1.1. Definition of the correlation between words.......................................8 1.2. The generals of World War I...... ... 1.2. The generals of World War I..............................................................16 1.3. The generals of World War II..... ...USSR and Mongolia. The correlation between “ɏɚɫɚɧ” and“ɏɚɥɯɢɧ” is 3/5, the first, second and last letters are the same. The Japanese failureof 1939 ex... ...ame, which gave sense to Brahe's life, resembles very much the nameof the substance related to his death – urine.1.2. The generals of World War I.Du... ...ed the same birthday and so did d'Espèray (born on May25th 1856) and von Moltke (born on May 25th 1848).1.3. The generals of World War II.T... ...iedrich) Martens, born on August 27th 1845, died on June 20th 1909 (hewas only present, but did not sign the treaty).On the Japanese side the signator... ...ident TheodoreRoosevelt, born on October 27th 1858, died on January 6th 1919.Observe first that the years of birth of the Japanese representatives a... ...portant diplomatic consequences.: 1855, the year of signing the treaty of Shimoda which marked the beginning ofthe Russo-Japanese diplomatic ... ...the Russo-Japanese diplomatic relations. (This took place on February 7th, inconjunction with the future Japanese attack on Port...

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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Fratricide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 The US Navy in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Japanese Antiaircraft Artillery . . . . . . . . . . .53 The Lessons of World War II . . . . . . . . . . .57 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2 FROM GUNS TO MISSILES, 1945–1965 . . .69 Antiair...

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... The US Navy in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Japanese Antiaircraft Artillery . . . . . . . . . . . . 5... ...R IIFigure 31. USN 20 mm gun.The Navy’s 20 mm guns accounted for one-third of the Japanese aircraft claimed by ship guns prior to September1944, and o... ...,140 40 mmguns in dual and quad mounts. These guns claimed about 18percent of the Japanese aircraft destroyed by antiaircraft gunsthrough June 1944 an... ...e Navy’s 40 mm guns, again the ever-present Bofors, accounted for one-half of the Japanese aircraft de-stroyed by ship guns after October 1944. (Repri... ...the proximity fuze’s first combat engagement ayear later, the USS Helena downed a Japanese bomber with itssecond salvo. The Navy estimated that the pr... ...ations and Effects and Effectiveness, 191; MichaelGordon and Bernard Trainor, The Generals’ War (Boston: Little, Brown andCompany, 1995), 239; and Edw... ...See GWAPS, vol. 4,Weapons, Tactics, and Training, 35; and Gordon and Trainor, The Generals’War, 235. 68. Gordon and Trainor, The Generals’ War, 231; H... ... vol. 2, Operations and Effectsand Effectiveness, 330–31; Gordon and Trainor, The Generals’ War, 241,245–46; Hallion, Storm over Iraq, 181; Keaney and... ...GWAPS, vol. 4, Weapons, Tactics, and Training, 292–93; and Gordon andTrainor, The Generals’ War, 240. The Scud problem could have been muchworse. If t...

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...ium Blanche Courtain reincarnation case: 140 Cuba Eduardo Esplugus-Carbrera reincarnation case: 143 Austrian Helmut Krause reincarnation case: 147 Japanese Takeharu reincarnation case: 151 Thailand Ratana Wongsombat reincarnation case: 155 South Africa Vashnee Rattan reincarnation case: 162 Indian Sunita Singh reincarnation case: 164 Ghana Ama reincarnation case: 16...

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...s Wildcats andCorsairs for the Americans, and 'Zekes' and 'Bettys' for the Japaneseplanes. His drawings depicted scenes of burning and crashing planes... ...tle. During this mission, Huston's planewas hit by anti-aircraft fire from Japanese forces, severely damagingthe aircraft. The plane crashed into the ... ...plane was based on a ship (the Natoma Bay).-His plane was shot down by the Japanese.-Corsairs often had flat tires upon landing.Tucker argued against ... ...,highlighting James’s recognition of veterans and private family details.A Japanese TV station funded a trip to Chichi-Jima, where Jamesparticipated i... ...erified international reincarnation case in Russia. [The girl whodreamt of Japanese dolls in a Soviet Union childhood.]Russia is the world's largest c... ... a Division onthe Italian front. On June 17, 1918, during a new offensive, GeneralSeehofer left his headquarters and went toward the front line,despit... ...es mention females will never be, Yama kings, Wheelturner emperors, Demons generals, God kings, Mara kings, Brahmas,Pacceka Buddhas, Omniscient Buddha...

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...h a keen analysis of U.S. society and a passionate call for revolutionary struggle, The American Revolution has been translated into French, Italian, Japanese, Spanish, Catalan, and Portuguese....

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...tus tothe counter-revolutionary super-patriots, led by the Birchites, the militant ex-generals, the Dixiecrats, and the China Lobby, and gain support ... ...verty and misery, where Yankee adventurers decide to sell or not tosell guns to rebel generals according to their love or hate for beautiful damsels.T...

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...5 6 Operation Bagration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 7 Japanese Southern Offensive, December 1941– January 1942 ... ...uding Georgi Zhukov’s Marshal Zhu-kov’s Greatest Battles, Sergei Shtemenko’s The Soviet GeneralStaff at War: 1941–1945, and Vasily Chuikov’s The Battl... ...eightedby plentiful accounts from the American perspective but lim-ited coverage of the Japanese side. Primary American accountsincluding Samuel Griff... ...ch as Mitsuo Fuchida’sMidway: The Battle that Doomed Japan, Masuo Kato’s The LostWar: A Japanese Reporter’s Inside Story, and Saburo Ienaga’sThe Pacif... ...anese Reporter’s Inside Story, and Saburo Ienaga’sThe Pacific War: World War II and the Japanese, 1931–1945should provide some balance from the Japane... ... II in the Pacific, and Dan Van der Vat’s The Pacific Cam-paign: World War II, the U.S.–Japanese Naval War, 1941–1945will round out the investigation’... ...success in Russia focused on the conquest of territoryfor economic advantage, while his generals equated successwith the destruction of the Red Army.1... ...se, When Titans Clashed, 36. 43. Bellamy, Absolute War, 151. 44. Liddell Hart, German Generals Talk, 179. 45. Overy, Air War, 49. 46. Hitler, Mein... ..., 153.114. Overy, Air War, 55.115. Bellamy, Absolute War, 324.116. Liddell Hart, German Generals Talk, 195.117. Citino, Death of the Wehrmacht, 153.11...

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... Interrogation of Hitler's surviving confidants and General Staffand Field Generals of the Wehrmacht confirms the view that priorto the winter of 1941... ..., until the battle of Britain, wascomplete; his more cautious advisers and generals still confess oftheir astonishment. And by common report of the su... ...ta for this period, as far others, were takenby the Survey, and German air generals, production officials, andleading manufacturers, including Mes... ... Kesselring to Survey Interrogators German air generals responsible for operations in France statedunder interrogation ... ...ed men. Sixty percent of the militarysegment of the organization for the Japanese study was drawn from 46the Army, and 40 percent... ...ific, and the Asiatic mainland. The Survey secured the principal surviving Japanese records andinterrogated top Army and Navy officers, Government off... ...es throughout Japan. It was thus possible to reconstructmuch of wartime Japanese military planning and execution,engagement by engagement and... ...health and morale among the civilian population, theeffectiveness of the Japanese civilian defense organization and theeffects of the atomic bomb ... ...r of aircraft to sink surfacevessels . It was executed with the loss of 29 Japanese pilots. Twodays later, the Japanese found the British battleship, ...

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... Privatisation of Public Resources 10、Death Penalty 11、Save Africa, Save the World 12、Japan Should Immediately Destroy Yasukuni Shrine 13、Japanese Culture 14、National Secession and Independence 15、Small Countries Have No Culture 16、To Cure What’s Not Cured Rather than What’s Cured and to Solve What’s Not Solved Rather Than What’s Solved 17、Extreme C...

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...e world2014.9.10 12. Japan should immediately destroy Yasukuni Shrine2014.9.11 13. Japanese culture2014.9.13 14. National secession and independ... ...an benefit the people.That’s also what feudal society, capitalist society, Hitler, and Japanese invasion of China said.But I think the right communist... ...an or the initiators think they are doing good. For example,the propaganda or idea for Japanese war of aggression against China is to ‘build greater E... ...mself, the recognised Satan of the world. During the Second WorldWar, most Germans and Japanese believed they were saving the world instead of destroy... ... is very simple to understand. At the beginning of revolution and during the period of Japaneserampage, the gentleman had to highlight the contradicti... ... the Yin and Yang worlds. Immortals and evil spirits inYin couldn’t manage princes and generals in Yang. Princes and generals in Yang couldn’t be inch... ...l.The world we can perceive belongs to Yang. In the world in the charge of princes and generals,immortals and evil spirits, monsters and freaks are no...

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...pyrighted, but is the property of the United StatesGovernment ABSTRACT When Generals George C. Kenney and Ennis C. Whitehead ... ...ers of the US Fifth Air Force in July 1942 their work was cut out for them. Theprevious January, the Japanese secured the port of Rabaul in eastern Ne... ...me the harshest climate of WorldWar II, the Fifth Air Force helped to reverse the tide and drive the Japanese from eastern NewGuinea. This was accompl... ...d Whitehead's first task was to modify existing aircraft and develop a suitabledoctrine to interdict Japanese shipping between New Britain and New Gui... ...By February 1943, Allied intelligence, greatly aided by ULTRA intercepts, predicted themovement of a Japanese convoy destined for New Guinea. Kenney a... ...suitable target. In preparation for the anticipated Allied ground invasion ofthe Huon Peninsula, the Japanese moved the 4th Air Army to their four bas... ...nting Office (GPO), 1987), 127.19 Ibid., 128.20 Kenney, xi.21 Frisbee, 128.22 Ibid., 129.23 Ibid.24 Generals of the Army and the Air Force, ed. Lt Co... ...oldstein, a PhD Dissertation presented to the University of Denver, August 1970, 88.33 Ibid., 17.34 Generals of the Army and the Air Force, ed. by Lt... ...avy, (1941-1945). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1978.Dunleavy, T.M., Lt Col, USA, ed. Generals of the Army and the Air Force. Washingto...

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... of 40 percent of those aircraft as they sat parked atClark Field when the Japanese destroyed that vital military air base on the afternoon of 8Decemb... ...mb’s experiences of evading capture,then later being taken prisoner by the Japanese, escaping by an all-night swim from Corregidor,his recapture, and ... ...water, Tennessee,would suffer more agony as a prisoner at the hands of the Japanese than anyone could have 1imagined. These a... ...in D. Roosevelt, Harry STruman, Dwight Eisenhower, and Lyndon Johnson, and Generals Douglas MacArthur, GeorgeC. Marshall, and Curtis E. LeMay. Within... ... navigate on the first aerial attackon Japan and later with the B-29s burn Japanese cities. They would “seek out and destroy” V-1and V-2 launching pad... ...beaches of Normandy for the D day invasion. They would be prisoners of the Japanese and theGermans, and internees of the Turks. They would help in the... ... one such mission, Schreiber was navigating for General Brett, three other generals, sometop Australian military officials, and a lanky former Texas c... ...developed and supported War Plan Orange III haddisregarded the warnings of Generals Embick and Wood. In retrospect, the only thing that could happen ...

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...x problemsmay in fact foster additional complexity. In its competition with the Japanese system in the Pacifictheater in 1944, the American military s... ...ies, awareness of doctrinal failings, per-sonal and interservice rivalries, and Japanese responses—andthese consequences created the need for further ... ...e wasassured. Until then, the burden of defending the westernhemisphere against Japanese aggression fell almost entirelyon the US Navy. Gen Haywood S.... ...diplomatic maneuver. Only by forceful occupationof the home island or defeat of Japanese decision makers’ willcould the war be ended. Adding to the st... ...ific 9FAIRCHILD PAPERrequired continuous pressure against the Japanese to main -tain the initiative and win an early surrender.3 The... ... fighting had ended on Saipan, the firstB-29 airfield was under construction.17 Generals Hansell andWolfe flew the first B-29 to arrive at Saipan. It ...

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... Paris, the commission wasbesieged with advice, particularly from American generals and European diplomats, todemand the entire Philippine archipelago... ...rican rule without such guarantees might cause the Philippines tofall into Japanese hands. The Jones Bill was rewritten and passed Congress in 1916 wi... ...s existence as a government-in-exile in the United States during the Japanese Occupation and later the second republic. In effect, there exis... ... adopted and the economy recovered to its pre-Depression level before the Japanese occupation in 1942. The Commonwealth government went into exile f... ...ernment went into exile from 1942 to 1945, when the Philippines was under Japanese occupation. In 1946, the Commonwealth ended and the Philippines r... ...boanga Republic  Insular Government  Commonwealth  Japanese Occupation  Second Republic Post-Colonial (1946–present... ... as the 51st Infantry cleared the Calumpit bridge,General Wainwright asked Generals Jones, Stevens, and Weaver if all their units weresafely across. H... ... as the 51st Infantry cleared theCalumpit bridge, General Wainwright asked Generals Jones, Stevens,and Weaver if all their units were safely across. H... ...ng themselves with their newequipment, which included seventeen new M-3Al “GeneralStuart” tanks they had received after designation for overseasduty.1...

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... 5.5 percent Aborigines, and .5 percent ‘other’ (including the returning Europeans [after the Japanese Occupation]).” During the Wo... ...g Europeans [after the Japanese Occupation]).” During the World War II years of 942–45, the Japanese occupied Malaya. To avoid ... ...e Japanese occupied Malaya. To avoid persecution, a significant number of Malays supported the Japanese during the occupation. The Chi... ...ion. The Chinese population was less fortunate and received extremely harsh treatment from the Japanese. This was due, in large part, ... ... from the Japanese. This was due, in large part, to the his- torical enmity between the Chinese and Japanese cultures. To counter t... ... military forces struggled with the lack of culturally and linguis- tically trained personnel. After Generals Templer and Abrams too... ... 2/19/08 7:19:10 AM to comprehend fully the culture in which they are operating. Generals Templer and Abrams both realiz... ...ttom-up vice top-down. In addition to realizing the political struggle of these con- flicts, Generals Templer and Abrams understood ... ...nerals Templer and Abrams understood the impor- tance of intelligence gained from the population. Both generals involved the local pop...

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...d training-oriented command—protectingHawaii from a possible attack by the Japanese and training replacement crewsfor units in the South Pacific. Howe... ... For example, theNavy was understandably concerned about fleet safety from Japanesesubmarines and bombers (and later Kamikazes). Accordingly, they wer... ...ather” tactics that meant a quick exit for Navy carriers from thethreat of Japanese submarines during the island assaults.13 The Army,conversely, tend... ...through the Central Pacific by Col Claudius H. M.Roberts—“Marshall Islands Japanese Defenses and Battle Damage,”found in the US Army Center for US Mil... ... 216. 13. Ibid., 216. 14. Ibid., 215. 15. W. D. Mission, “Marshall Islands Japanese Defenses and Battle Damage,” US ArmyCenter for US Military History... ...d best wishes. Sincerely, C. W. Nimitz47 While records of a meeting of Generals Richardson and Hale with Gen-erals Arnold or Marshall were not fou... ...ter of protest from General Richardson to Admiral Nimitz and a trip byboth Generals Richardson and Hale to Washington purportedly to addressthis issue...