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...FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC ... ...s Rehoboth 1999, 2000, 2003 FLORENTIN SMARANDACHE A UNIFYING FIELD IN LOGICS: NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC. NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC ... ...tion: 9 1. Neutrosophy - a new branch of philosophy: 13 2. Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics: 87 3. Neutrosophic Set - a unifying fi... ...ived from Neutrosophics: 120 2 Preface to Neutrosophy and Neutrosophic Logic by Charles T. Le 1 Introduction. It was a surprise for me when in ... ... Athman (individual inward) blends with Brahman (collective inward) in Indian philosophy. Yogic meditation consists of purification of chak... ... Man must live in accordance with the natural world around him (Pueblo Indian philosophy). While genius should not! Credo quia absurdum (Lat.) ... ... [19] Le, Charles T., "The Smarandache Class of Paradoxes", in <Journal of Indian Academy of Mathematics>, Bombay, India, No. 18, 53-55, 1996. [20]... ...Haiku, Bucharest, 1994. [45] Veatch, H.B., "A Contemporany Appreciation", Indiana University Press, Bloomington, 1974. [46] Vlastos, Gregory, "The ... ...) has the values: ‘true’, ‘false’, and ‘both true and false’. The ancient Indian metaphysics considered four possible values of a statement: ‘true (...

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...As someone who works heavily in both math and computers, I can truly appreciate the role that logic plays in our modern world. One cannot understand the foundations of mathematics while lacking knowledge of the basics of logic and how proofs are constructed. Two of the first classes I took as a graduate student in mat...

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...Charles Ashbacher INTRODUCTION TO NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC American Research Press Rehoboth 2002 1 Charles As... ... Rehoboth 2002 1 Charles Ashbacher Introduction to Neutrosophic Logic American Research Press ... ... heavily in both math and computers, I can truly appreciate the role that logic plays in our modern world. One cannot understand the foundations of ... ...d the foundations of mathematics while lacking knowledge of the basics of logic and how proofs are constructed. Two of the first classes I took as a... ... hardly a day goes by where I do not use some topic from those courses. Logic is also a fundamental component of advanced computer classes. I am cu... ...ays 0.03 Phillies 0.07 White Sox 0.09 Reds 0.06 Twins 0.06 Pirates 0.05 Indians 0.13 Cardinals 0.09 Tigers 0.02 Astros 0.10 Royals 0.03 Brewers ...

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...As an alternative to the existing logics we propose the Neutrosophic Logic to represent a mathematical model of uncertainty, vagueness, ambiguity, imprecision, undefined, unknown, incompleteness, inconsistency, redundancy, contradiction. It is a non-classical...

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...roceedings of the First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics ... ...OCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEUTROSOPHY, NEUTROSOPHIC LOGIC, NEUTROSOPHIC SET, NEUTROSOPHIC PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS ... ...erica First International Conference on Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Set, Probability and Statistics December 1-3, 2001 Univer... ...phy: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smarandache/Neutrosophy.PDF • 2. Neutrosophic Logic - a unifying field in logics: http://www.gallup.unm.edu/~smaran... ...ophicProbStat.PDF PREFACE (An Introduction to Neutrosophy, Neutrosophic Logic, Neutrosophic Set, and Neutrosophic Probability and Statistics)... ...-999. [28] Le, Charles T., The Smarandache Class of Paradoxes, in “Journal of Indian Academy of Mathematics”, Bombay, India, No. 18, 53-55, 1996. ... ...ter. (2000). A Bibliography of Non-Standard Logics. Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana. URL: http://www.earlham.edu/~peters/courses/logsys/nonstbib.h...

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...15. Florentin Smarandache, Neutrosophy./ Neutrosophic Probability, Set, and Logic, American Research Press, Rehoboth, SUA, 1998 16. Florentin Smaran... ...e îndoial ă (formulele sunt în limbaj LaTeX): <Starting from mathematical logic and its class of paradoxes: “All is ${\cal C}$, then non-${\cal C}$... ... as Infinite Sets”). Paralogismul se refer ă la gândirea contrar ă legilor logicii, iar paradoxismul - la crea ţia contrar ă legilor literare, cont... ...lor literare, contrar ă sensurilor cli şeelor. Apoi Newton, C. da Costa şi logica sa paraconsistent ă, ajungând pân ă la logica neutrosofic ă (gener... ...a paraconsistent ă, ajungând pân ă la logica neutrosofic ă (generalizare a logicii fuzzy), singura logic ă care poate cuprinde în caracterizare para... ...ible to fix it broken. Champagne yes, philosophic no. And now hear this Indian tale, more than 25 years old joke, that ends in a … mathematical f... ... … mathematical formula! Once upon a time, somewhere in North America, an Indian chief and his squaw had a son. Being the first child, it was born ... ...on the hide of a hippopotamus. You can well imagine the great voyage of the Indian chief, by pony, by canoe, walking and so on to Africa whence he re... ...black for the night, somehow naive, of Navajo, Zuni, Apache, Hopi and Pima Indian tribes), and Mexico, between 1988-2000, in a paradoxist way: - p...

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...15. Florentin Smarandache, Neutrosophy./ Neutrosophic Probability, Set, and Logic, American Research Press, Rehoboth, SUA, 1998 16. Florentin Smaran... ...e îndoial ă (formulele sunt în limbaj LaTeX): <Starting from mathematical logic and its class of paradoxes: “All is ${\cal C}$, then non-${\cal C}$... ... as Infinite Sets”). Paralogismul se refer ă la gândirea contrar ă legilor logicii, iar paradoxismul - la crea ţia contrar ă legilor literare, cont... ...lor literare, contrar ă sensurilor cli şeelor. Apoi Newton, C. da Costa şi logica sa paraconsistent ă, ajungând pân ă la logica neutrosofic ă (gener... ...a paraconsistent ă, ajungând pân ă la logica neutrosofic ă (generalizare a logicii fuzzy), singura logic ă care poate cuprinde în caracterizare para... ...ible to fix it broken. Champagne yes, philosophic no. And now hear this Indian tale, more than 25 years old joke, that ends in a … mathematical f... ... … mathematical formula! Once upon a time, somewhere in North America, an Indian chief and his squaw had a son. Being the first child, it was born ... ...on the hide of a hippopotamus. You can well imagine the great voyage of the Indian chief, by pony, by canoe, walking and so on to Africa whence he re... ...black for the night, somehow naive, of Navajo, Zuni, Apache, Hopi and Pima Indian tribes), and Mexico, between 1988-2000, in a paradoxist way: - p...

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...u in India W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, India e-mail... ...ant women and use of condom while visiting CSWs are on the agenda and in the Indian scenario no effort is even made to test CSWs for HIV. Althoug... ...latives also sexually abuse them. W 2 – No wealth / property In the Indian system of law, that too, after the advent of the Manusmriti (Th... ...ral women and their socio-economic problems. It is the modesty of the married Indian women that they cannot say ‘no’ to sex with their husbands. Thi... ...models are Sita, Savithri, Nalayini, Shakuntala, Andal or Radha; so that the Indian women is never allowed to think beyond the concept of self sacr... ...ng can make them pure. They should try to suffer and endure it! Is there any logic in this? Thus our role models from epics are so meek. Likewise N... ...eir wrong deeds. As the present day youth is more intelligent certainly their logic happens to be correct and the real problem is with us are the f... ... obtain structural knowledge. We combine antecedent and consequent sets with logical conjunction, disjunction or negation. For instance, we could i... ...5 by Florentin Smarandache. 286 Distinctions between Intutionistic Fuzzy Logic (IFL) and Neutrosophic Logic (NL) The distinctions between IF...

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... vastness having overpowered him these months Until he could not reach the logic that told him To find himself outside its barriers. As he stares out ... ...ranger To being whitewashed In a man's liquids And the click-of-the heels logic Of women, as if One's whole damaged life Can be bounced from a mirror... ...pringfield, Mo. The Great God may also await for his eviction. Two hundred Indians in Houston bow down to Krishna as the gates Men lock around him are... ... vastness having overpowered him these months Until he could not reach the logic that told him To find himself outside its barriers. As he stares out ...

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...til we realize that we have be- come separated and hateful to one another. The logic be- hind the plan is that we must first feel as a single entity, ... ... the pressure becomes intoler- able. Otherwise, we wouldn’t lift a finger. The logic is simple: If I’m fine where I am, why move? But Nature has a di... ...- stand the process we are parts of. Simply put, we begin to acquire Nature’s logic. The more we understand its logic, the more we expand our consci... ...ess and inte- grate with it. In the end, when we have fully mastered Nature’s logic, we will understand how Nature works and even learn to master it... ... not be able to see it on the outside. As an example, she uses a story about Indians who stood on the ocean shore and looked at Columbus’s armada a... ...at Columbus’s armada arriving. She says that it is commonly believed that the Indians could not see the ships, even though they were looking straigh... ...s, even though they were looking straight at them. Dr. Pert explained that the Indians couldn’t see the ships because they didn’t have a similar pree... ...t! Thus, Colum- bus’ armada existed only in the minds, the inner Kelim of the Indians who saw it and reported it. There is no such thing as an outsid... ...nyms, Webster’s offers these options (among oth- ers): intelligence, mind, and logic. Now let’s read some of the insightful words Kabbal- ist Baruch A...

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...ie se sim ţea de la balcon, m ă usturau ochii... 22 Bâlciul indian 07 septembrie 1997 Am mers la Window Rock (Arizona). Bâlci anu... ...an 07 septembrie 1997 Am mers la Window Rock (Arizona). Bâlci anual indian. Tribul Navajo. Parchez pe o margine de şan ţ (altfel, în ăuntru ar... ...g eu într-o lun ă! 23 M ăsc ărici care danseaz ă pe doi ponei. Muzica indian ă seam ăn ă cu strig ătele coyote-ului în pustiu, sub ţiri, implorâ... ...). Cowboy-i î şi dau autografe pe borurile p ăl ăriilor. Cump ăr mâncare indian ă: Tomali = un fel de m ălai, umplut cu niscaiva carne şi învelit î... ... – acestea au c ăutare la turi şti (vreau s ă-mi cump ăr şi eu o cravat ă indian ă – e tare şic!). I-am cunoscut la cinema pe Laura şi Dennis, o fa... ...sitate, cu care sunt în corespondenţă frecvent ă privind conferin ţele de logic ă fuzzy intui ţioniste şi mul ţimea fuzzy intui ţioniste (ini ţiate ... ... profesori din cele patru col ţuri ale lumii: în primul rând p ărintelui logicii şi mul ţimii fuzzy – Lotfi A. Zadeh, apoi adjunctului s ău – Masou... ...ienei Souad Souafi-Bensafi, spaniolului Sergio Guadarrama. Iar cartea de logic ă neutrosofic ă tradus ă în limba chinez ă (dialectul oficial Mandar... ... a tradus-o un prieten din China pentru c ă are leg ătur ă cu buddhismul (logica contradic ţiilor yin-yang, daoism) şi extinde logica fuzzy. Scrier...

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...hree smaller ones, one would think that you would care to inquire about it logically." "We aren't renting them. They are the host's and it would ... ... Burmese individuals smiling in the northern regions and stolid Moslem and Indians in the south. The rural views in sunrise and sunset were more real... ...aid the mosquito. "Alone, shut up in one's own hardened shell there is no logic--just passions running amuck." Tragedy and suicidal wishes clogg... ...e to be ignorant to not know that or male. --He chitchatted, my dear, in a logical sequence that was a bit desultory at times. Humans call such an ine... ...ittle self-respect was deleterious. It was fine for the brain to forfeit logical restraint for that relaxation of fleeting pleasure that couldn't be... ... if he had been made into a sexual slave 24 hours a day, totally free from logic? Somehow, he felt that the mosquito would agree on this point. ... ...er. The anchorman said that Moslems and Hindus were burning houses in one Indian community. Hindus were throwing Moslem children into bonfires, telli...

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...are (sinonim: b |ncoase, pontoase, cu nuan Ûe semi-absurde, Õi totu Õi de-o logic | foarte... plastic |!) CULMEA PROSTIEI: S | crezi c | soacr ... ...adoarme Trezindu-te în alt | lume M E T A F I Z I C { Ilogic | Logic | L E N E Ô Când se scoal | Se culc | pe-o ureche ... ...96. [6] Le, Charles T., "The Smarandache Class of Paradoxes", <Journal of Indian Academy of Mathematics>, Indore, Vol. 18, No. 1, 53-55, 1996. ...

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...ressure becomes intolerable. otherwise, we prefer to stay motionless. The logic is simple: If I am fine where I am, why move? But Nature has a diffe... ...e to see it on the outside. As an example, she uses a story about how the Indians first discovered Co- - lumbus’ ships. She says that it is commonly ... ...s. She says that it is commonly believed that when the ships arrived, the Indians could not see them, even though they were looking straight at them... ...even though they were looking straight at them. Dr. Pert explains that the Indians couldn’t see the ships because they didn’t have a model of such sh... ...s, Colum- - bus’ armada existed only in the minds, the inner Kelim of the Indians who saw it and reported it. There is no such thing as an “outside w... ...Webster’s offers these options (among oth- - ers): intelligence, mind, and logic. Now let’s read some of the insightful words Kabbal- - ist Baruch Ash... ... in itself, called a “body.” The soul feels this as “birth” in the bio- - logical body. how does a soul get into a body? If you mean the biological b... ...ers are gradually led Appendix 2: Further Reading 183 to understand the logical design of the Universe and the life that exists in it. The Science... ...ing texts. This book reaches out to all those seekers who want to find a logical, reliable way to understand the world’s phe- - nomena. This fascina...

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...d scriptwriting—bleeding, sweating, eating and sleeping Iraqi, Iranian and Indian coins. She was more interested now in the unexplained piece that had... ... conspiratorial smile. "My lips are sealed." "I'm sure there's a perfectly logical explanation for it being here like this." "You think your friend an... ... This strange man had waltzed into her life and usurped her good sense and logic and here she was wondering where he'd gone when she should have been ... ...know-it-all tone of a Five Percenter, just stated his case in that neutral-logical Mr. Spock baritone that drove her just as mad for its smoothness. "... ...ane. He ... it, whatever, killed my Marsh!" He left her side, went and sat Indian-style beside the dog. "I am listening, mawla." He stroked the dog's ... ...he anguish and confusion still simmering beneath her façade of bravery and logic. He marveled at how she was able to maintain her level of Desert Dre... ...l over Justice's eyes, the least she could do was play out the sham to its logical conclusion with the kids. As much as the idea disgusted her. "So, w...

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...in?” “Why wait four decades to eliminate such a substantial risk?” Dan’s iron logic prevailed. “So, having discovered it only recently, it c... ...apter the Eighth Not My Day Bauer had this metaphysical influence on Ashok, my Indian amanuensis, who hailed from a consensual culture. Rendere...

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...In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itself with the capability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative sy...

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...c Cognitive Maps W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, India E-mail: va... ... OF DISSENT 5 PREFACE In a world of chaotic alignments, traditional logic with its strict boundaries of truth and falsity has not imbued itsel... ...apability of reflecting the reality. Despite various attempts to reorient logic, there has remained an essential need for an alternative system that... ...orld. Out of this need arose the system of Neutrosophy, and its connected logic, Neutrosophic Logic. Neutrosophy is a new branch of philosophy that ... ...spectrum of Neutralities. This philosophy forms the basis of Neutrosophic logic. Neutrosophic logic grew as an alternative to the existing logics... ...ta. Hence we study this model using FCM we see that while applying FCM to Indian politics the expert takes the following six nodes. x 1 - Languag... ...ertation, Guide: Dr. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, March 2000. 4. Ashbacher, C. In... ...v. Press, New Jersey, 1976. 6. Balu, M.S. Application of Fuzzy Theory to Indian Politics, Masters Dissertation, Guide: Dr. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy... ...ertation, Guide: Dr. W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, April 2001. 7. Banini, G.A., and R. A. Be...

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...Beside a riverbed, an old man sits lost in his thoughts; he is SEATTLE, Chief of the Suqamish Indians. He remembers his boyhood when his grandfather foretold him of his destiny, when he was told of the Web Of Life and his duties as it's protector. The Web of Life, they believe, is the symbiotic connection that exists ...

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...d offset a stern presence. Seattle, Chief and spiritual leader of the Suquamish Indians, was dressed regally with his full chieftain bonnet gently s... ...nd witness a day of reconciliation be­ tween the United States and the Suquamish Indians. A day that marks the beginning of a new relationship ... a ... ...sity. He was also required to maintain a rigorous teaching schedule in American Indian Culture and Artifacts. In addition, he had contracted to fini... ...cy, the red tape, and the Federal indifference to the plight of the reservation Indian took its toll. She finally resigned with a feeling of hopeles... ...igned with a feeling of hopelessness, and took a job as the curator of a small Indian museum in the Puget Sound area. She missed being able to help... ...ht out of Nicky Blair's. What a fool he'd been. His instinct was right but his logic was wrong. He had assumed, incorrectly, that Roger Cox would b... ... annihilation." "In the end it won't solve anything," Brent said with rational logic. "Of course not. But there are desperate people out there. Na­...

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...What Is Religion? 1Buddhism 16Christianity 59Mysticism 118A Chorus Of Powers: American Indian Belief 176The Sacred Land: Australian Aboriginal Religion 238Conclusion 277References 293The Collected Works Of Carl Jung 299...

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...ity of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1953. The Spiritual Legacy of The American Indian, by Joseph Epes Brown. © 1982 by Joseph Epes Brown. Reprinted by per... ...k, 1972. The paper by Paul Radin “The Religious Experiences of an American Indian” was published in Eranos 18-1950, © Eranos Foundation, Ascona, Switz... ...Mechanism In Mysticism Contrasting Viewpoints A Chorus Of Powers: American Indian Belief 176 Orenda Deity And Pantheon Time, Space, Direction Dream An... ...time and time again in this book, particularly in the chapters on American Indian and Australian Aboriginal beliefs. Analysis “in Jung’s manner” is no... ...University of Florida, a specialist in the philosophical bases of American Indian thought, has kindly contributed Chapter 5, “A Chorus of Powers: Amer... ...on that they should be meaningful, while any attempt to understand them in logical terms is fruitless: When Banzan was walking through a market he ove... ...57. 27. Reps, p. 41 BUDDHISM 29 All of classical Buddhism is founded on a logical paradox: the teaching that there is no soul, no self, no independen... ...y. In this, Christianity shares with Hinduism a passion for definition and logical precision— even its innermost paradoxes are carefully worded and ma... ... a parallel to the Buddhist doctrine of bod- hisattvas, which in turn is a logical outcome of the claim that the Buddha is all-compassionate, so that ...

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...t of bialgebraic structures which we define and study are slightly different from the bistructures using category theory of Girard's classical linear logic. We do not approach the bialgebraic structures using category theory or linear logic....

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...braic Structures W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology, Madras Chennai – 600036, India ... ... from the bistructures using category theory of Girard's classical linear logic. We do not approach the bialgebraic structures using category theory... ...o not approach the bialgebraic structures using category theory or linear logic. We can broadly classify the study under four heads : i. bial... ...tion in several fields like finite automata, control theory and in linear logic. DEFINITION 6.1.27: Let G = G 1 ∪ G 2 be a bigroup and R = R 1 ... .... B. Vasantha is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, where she lives with her hu... ...c. and M.Tech projects. She has worked in collaboration projects with the Indian Space Research Organization and with the Tamil Nadu State AIDS Cont...

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...phist and stranger’s position about non-Being and the simple discussion of the semantics of non-Being; or Hegel’s view of non-Being in the Science of Logic which is only thought in the general context of progress of the methodology of the “circles of circles”. No wonder your remarks that “nothing nothings” (Das Nichts nichtet) is often thought of as your confusions. You st...

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...housand times, they become truth (As was demonstrated in our common paper “Logic: a Misleading Concept”, opinion can be made up of field, and when mo... ...Liaofan’s Four Lessons is a classical example. 3. The Integration of Logic What is the essential distinction of logic from conventional descr... ...The essence of fact and rule has been described once in our common paper, “Logic: a Misleading Concept,” as is again discussed below: Fact as a kin... ...hen the field is strong enough to convince a portion of people, it becomes logic – facts or rules. However, people are normally self centered. Essen... ...backgrounds in both space and time domains. This adds indeterminacy to the logic, as illustrated in neutrosophy as the limitless versions of opinions... ...mited measures? Mind the opposite effect in extremity. [The failure of an Indian ascetic monk failed just in this.] Beware of counting the uncountab... .... Athman (individual, inward) blends with Brahman (collective, inward) in Indian philosophy. (The individual and community is one entity originally,... ... Man must live in accordance with the natural world around him (Pueblo Indian philosophy). 42 While genius should not! (It might not be the ge... ...ollowing values: ”true,” ”false,” and ”both true and false.” The ancient Indian metaphysics considered four possible values of a statement: ”true (o...