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.................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter I To What Extent Forms of Government are a Matter of Choice ............................................................. 5 Chapter II The Criterion of a Good Form of Government ............................................................................

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...Considerations on Representative Government By JOHN STUART MILL A P ENN S TATE E LECTRONIC C LASSICS S ERIES... ...LECTRONIC C LASSICS S ERIES P UBLICATION Considerations on Representative Government by John Stuart Mill is a publication of the Pennsylvania State... ...s an electronic transmission, in any way. Considerations on Representative Government by John Stuart Mill , the Pennsylvania State University, Electr... ......................................214 4 Considerations on Representative Government Considerations on Representative Government By JOHN STUART MILL ... ...oice atter of Choice atter of Choice ALL SPECULATIONS concerning forms of government bear the impress, more or less exclusive, of two conflicting the... ...conflicting conceptions of what political institutions are. By some minds, government is conceived as strictly a prac tical art, giving rise to no qu... ...l art, giving rise to no questions but those of means and an end. Forms of government are assimilated to any other expedients for the attainment of hu... ...either to make them or not, and how or on what pattern they shall be made. Government, according to this concep tion, is a problem, to be worked like... ...ov ernments are required to promote. The next, is to inquire what form of government is best fitted to fulfill those pur poses. Having satisfied our...

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...The Two Treatises of Civil Government is a work of political philosophy published anonymously in 1689 by John Locke. The First Treatise is an extended attack on Sir Robert Filmer's Patriarcha , which argued for a divinely-ordained, hereditary, absolute...

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Excerpt: A Treatise on Government by Aristotle, translated by William Ellis.

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...S, A.M. A PENN STATE ELECTRONIC CLASSICS SERIES PUBLICATION A Treatise on Government by Aristotle, trans. William Ellis is a publication of the Penn... ...t or for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. A Treatise on Government by Aristotle, trans. William Ellis, the Pennsylvania State Univ... ... University is an equal opportunity university. 3 Aristotle A TREATISE ON GOVERNMENT TRANSLATED FROM THE GREEK OF ARISTOTLE BY WILLIAM ELLIS, A.M. LO... ...is a craftsman whose material is society and whose aim is 4 A Treatise on Government the good life. In an early dialogue of Plato’s, the Protagoras, ... ...is the only possible teacher of virtue. Such a programme for a treatise on government might lead us to expect in the Politics mainly a description of ... ... true the maxim may be of the modern nation state, it was 6 A Treatise on Government not true of the much smaller and more self-conscious Greek city.... ...ics is impossible. With this position much that Aristotle has to say about government is in agreement. He assumes the characteristic Platonic view tha... ... Greek doctrine that the essence of the state consists in 8 A Treatise on Government community of purpose is the counterpart of the notion of- ten he... ...” As the aim of the state is differently conceived, the qualifications for government will vary. In the ideal state power will be given to the man wit...

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...AL SOCIETIES...................................................................................... 54 CHAPTER IX OF THE ENDS OF POLITICAL SOCIETY AND GOVERNMENT.......................................................................... 70 CHAPTER X OF THE FORMS OF A COMMONWEALTH................73 CHAPTER XI OF THE EXTENT OF THE LEGISLATIVE POWER....74 CHAPTER XII THE LEGISL...

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...COND ESSAY : AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGINAL EXTENT AND END OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT by John Locke Concerning Civil Government, Second Essay: An Ess... ...r for the file as an electronic transmission, in any way. Concerning Civil Government, Second Essay: An Essay Concerning the True Original Extent and ... ...ECOND ESSAY: AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGINAL EXTENT AND END OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT by John Locke CHAPTER I OF P OLITICAL P OWER 1. It having been... ...f Adam’s 3 *An Essay Concerning Certain False Principles. Concerning Civil Government, 2nd Essay – Locke posterity being so long since utterly lost, ... ...isdiction”; so that he that will not give just occasion to think that all government in the world is the prod uct only of force and violence, and t... ...sis so loudly cry out against), must of necessity find out another rise of government, another original of politi cal power, and another way of desi... ... foreign injury, and all this only for the public good. 4 Concerning Civil Government, 2nd Essay – Locke CHAPTER II OF THE S TATE OF N ATURE 4. T... ...show greater measure of love to me than they have by me 5 Concerning Civil Government, 2nd Essay – Locke showed unto them; my desire, therefore, to b... ...es 6 *Richard Hooker, The Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity. Concerning Civil Government, 2nd Essay – Locke sors of that law to such a degree as may hin...

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...ups). These recommendations should help smooth the disclosure process, making this issue the subject of open and informed discussion, both within our government and the public sectors. The background materials include the following types of information: 1) Summaries of video taped testimony of military, government and private first-hand witnesses to UFO/ET events. 2) A ser...

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...re’s incentive theory of war avoidance. Sharp carefully dissects Moore’s deterrence model and examines those incentives that discourage nondemocratic governments from pursuing violent conflicts. Arguing that existing democracies must make an active effort to foster the political environment in which new democracies can develop, Sharp discusses the elements critical to prom...

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...ule among the nations, and be the Prince of universal peace; using in this judgment and government of the earth his risen saints, who shall be his mi... ... death, during the whole period of the millennial kingdom. And therefore they will need government, both civil and ecclesiastical, a law and a religi... ...f the Lord, the true priesthood after the order of Melchisedek, who shall undertake the government of the whole earth, and carry it on under the gre... ...er side of the ocean, that is, I suppose, in the Spanish colonies of South America. The government of the Cortez was no sooner dissolved, and the ol... ...h colonies; being sent hither to the diplomatic or commercial agent of the Buenos Ayres government to be printed, and an edition of 1500 copies was ... ...at is the good of it? But seeing that we are a church constituted under divine law and government, the first and the great question is, “What saith ... ...er with the Lord, partakers of his throne, partakers of his crown, and partakers of his government; his assessors in judgment, his deputies in power... ...governed the elements with a sovereign control. And so shall we in the exercise of that government and sovereignty which we shall then be permitted ... ...old the earth and all the sojourners therein living in peace and blessedness, under the government of the Lord Jesus Christ: Nature repossessed of al...

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...93–95). Going one-on-one with members of Washington’s policy elite who were involved directly in these two cases, the author demonstrates that the US government’s approach to termination policy proved fragmented and personality driven. She systematically presents evidence to support the study’s conclusion, revealing that the nature of the gap between diplomats and war fi...

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... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 4 THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL SYSTEM. . . . . . . . . . 85 Allison’s Bureaucratic Politics Approach . . . . 85 US Government Decision Making . . . . . . . . 92 National Security Policy Making . . . . . . . . . 94 Building Toward New Understanding . . . . . .121 Notes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 5 INTERAGENCY FRATRICIDE: ...

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...do not reach the difficulty, and cannot, unless the whole structure of the government is changed from a government by States to something like a despo... ...s changed from a government by States to something like a despotic central government, with power to control even the municipal regulations of States,... ...uman rights can be of any practical value. T o change the character of the government at this point is neither possible nor desirable. All that is nec... ...er possible nor desirable. All that is necessary to be done is to make the government consistent with itself, and render the rights of the States com-... ...om- patible with the sacred rights of human nature. The arm of the Federal government is long, but it is far too short to protect the rights of indivi... ...em- selves, or they will go unprotected, spite of all the laws the Federal government can put upon the national statute-book. Slavery, like all other ... ... slavery will again grow, but under which it is impossible for the Federal government to wholly destroy it, unless the Federal government be armed wit... ...ught not even if it could. The true way and the easiest way is to make our government entirely consistent with itself, and give to every loyal citizen... ... instructive disclosure it made of the true source of danger to republican government. Whatever may be tolerated in monarchical and despotic governmen...

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...n to have been in the rebel service. I believe it could be shown that the government here has deliberately armed more than ten times as many captured... ...al one has harmed anybody by reason of being armed by the Federal or State Government. Of course, I have not had time to care- fully examine all; but... ...y form by the Provost-Marshal-General, or any one else in authority of the Government, that every citizen who has paid his three hundred dollars commu... ...s aid to organize a House of Representatives which will really support the Government in the war. If the result shall be the election of himself as S... ... due to friendly powers, any tobacco in the United States belonging to the government either of France, Austria, or any other state with which this co... ... country is at peace, and which tobacco was purchased and paid for by such government prior to the 4th day of March, 1861, may be exported from any po... ...in—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish f... ...sume their allegiance to the United States and to reinaugurate loyal State governments within and for their respective States: Therefore, I, Abraham ... ...e been civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the so-called Confederate Government; all who have left judicial stations under the United States to ...

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...lar sover- eignty as applied to the American people? Here we are told that governments are instituted among men deriving their just powers from the co... ...dred “niggers” through under the lash in Nebraska a “sacred” right of self-government. And here I submit to you was Judge Douglas’s discovery, and the... ...d and passed. “A house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not exp... ...tter than freedom. The Re- publican party, on the contrary, hold that this government was instituted to secure the blessings of freedom, and that slav... ...n God’s own good time. And to this end they will, if possible, restore the government to the policy of the fathers, the policy of preserving the new T... ...at negro slavery is violative of that principle; but that, by our frame of government, that principle has not been made one of legal obligation; that ... ... principle has not been made one of legal obligation; that by our frame of government, States which have slavery are to retain it, or surrender it at ... ...ir own pleasure; and that all others—individuals, free States and national Government—are constitutionally bound to leave them alone about it. I belie... ...ent—are constitutionally bound to leave them alone about it. I believe our Government was thus framed because of the necessity springing from the actu...

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...orld in these days was not really gov- erned at all, in the sense in which government came to be understood in subsequent years. Government was a trea... ... alert to claim and seize advantages and suspi- cious of every generosity. Government was an obstructive busi- ness of energetic fractions, progress w... ... we have still to discover education, which is the necessary reciprocal of government, and that all this—in which my own little speck of a life was so... ...courts and the indignities of rep- 51 H G Wells resentative parliamentary government, coupled with the opening of vast fields of opportunity in other... ...the best intelligences more and more from pub- lic affairs. The ostensible governments of the world in the twentieth century were following in the wak... ...n, that war must end, and that the only way to end war was to have but one government for mankind. He brushed aside all other considerations. At the v... ...m the world was saved. He won over the American president and the American government to his general ideas; at any rate they supported him suffi- cien... ...m suffi- ciently to give him a standing with the more sceptical Euro- pean governments, and with this backing he set to work—it seemed the most fantas... ...ere burning; millions of people had already perished, and over great areas government was at an end. Humanity has been compared by one contempo- rary ...

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...ent, at a period when, far from having forty applicants for one place, the government was fortunate in getting any one to accept such a slippery offic... ...l effort of the Chamber of Deputies to realize the threat of parliamentary government,—a threat a la Cromwell, which without a Cromwell could only end... ...ndependent position, and for this reason: the Giguets could not expect any government favors under the Restoration. Even if Simon had not been the son... ...he peace, the regis- try-clerk, and the tax-collector, all officials under government, 20 The Deputy of Arcis two doctors, rivals of V arlet, Grevin’... ...the North, perfidious Albion, against all enterprises, good or bad, of the government. Thus we see that the word progress might sig- nify “No,” as wel... ...is phrases and paraphrases hopelessly at random. V THE PERPLEXITIES OF THE GOVERNMENT IN ARCIS AT THIS MOMENT several groups of bourgeois, electors an... ...ent of the house of Cinq- Cygne. “No, I don’t understand the action of the government,” repeated the sub-prefect, Antonin Goulard, pointing to the gro... ...of us,” said Olivier Vinet, the substitute, smiling. “Why do you blame the government?” asked the procureur- du-roi, Frederic Marest. “The ministry is... ...n in be- coming a substitute only to be neglected and left in Arcis by the government of July, in spite of the fact that he had some eighteen thousand...

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...ers must make diversion for the vul- gar why then farewel, say I, to all governments, ecclesiasti- cal and civil. But, I thank my better stars, I ... ...e believed in his own case against an English Protestant, who is true to his government, I shall leave to the candid and impartial reader. The other o... ...issioners of the Treasury) be so good as to dispense the sugar-plumbs of the Government with a more impartial and frugal hand. Y e prudes and censorio...

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... which was occupied by M. Dutocq, clerk of the justice of peace, a retired government employee, and a frequenter of the Thuillier salon; the other by ... ...ars”; she had too often heard Colleville, her brother’s intimate friend, a government employee like himself, say, jesting on this climacteric of burea... ... The change from activity to leisure is, in truth, the critical period for government employees of all kinds. Those of them who know not how to substi... ...e vacancy of that amusement resembling that of their late employment under government; others, who are smarter men, dabble in stocks, lose their savin... ...Colleville used to say, “are victims to a sort of ‘spleen’ peculiar to the government clerk; they die of a checked circulation; a red-tapeworm is in t... ... all drafts and conscriptions. The father’s ambition was to make his son a government clerk. At the beginning of this century the army presented too m... ...ry the army presented too many posts not to leave various vacancies in the government offices. A deficiency of minor officials enabled old Pere Thuill... ...nd his absolute nullity was a recommendation, for a cipher was needed. The government was afraid of displeasing both parties in the Chamber by selecti... ...ed with her father as long as 16 The Lesser Bourgeoisie he lived, and, as government securities were very low during the last convulsions of the Empi...

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...unfavourable to the orderly working of his Company the frequent changes of government brought about by revolutions of the military type. The political... ...director of the customs, and the head of police—belonging to an overturned government. Poor Señor Ribiera (such was the dictator’s name) had come pelt... ...ion, and had been kept busy negotiating with the members of Don Vincente’s Government—cultured men, men to whom the conditions of civilized busi- ness... ...meet it by sentiment, too, before taking his stand on his right alone. The Government was bound to carry out its part of the contract with the board o... ...ut official position, to possess an extraordinary influence in the highest Government spheres. He was able to assure Sir John that the Presi- dent-Dic... ...work it, and found so rich a vein that neither the exactions of successive governments, nor the periodical raids of recruiting officers upon the popul... ...for many years this was the last of the San Tome mine. What advantage that Government had expected from the spoliation, it is impossible to tell now. ... ...ent bethought itself of that valuable asset. It was an ordinary Costaguana Government—the fourth in six years—but it judged of its opportunities sanel... ... lost a considerable part of his fortune in forced loans to the successive Governments. He was a man of calm judgment, who never dreamed of pressing h...

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...anner. Also Aristotle himself, in the account that he gives of the form of government of the Bottiaeans, is manifestly of opinion that the youths were... ...gates of the labyrinth, put Deucalion and all his guards to the sword. The government by this means falling to Ariadne, he made a league with her, and... ...wer he promised a commonwealth without monarchy , a democracy, or people’s government in which he should only be continued as their commander in war a... ...ing sent to consult the oracle of Delphi concerning the fortune of his new government and city, he received this answer: Son of the Pitthean maid, To ... ...es was the first, who, as Aristotle says, out of an inclination to popular government, parted with the regal power, Homer also seems to testify, in hi... ...Soloon, and left the two surviving brothers entrusted with the care of the government and laws, joining with them Hermus, one of the nobility of Athen... ...se of Menestheus in that expedition, returned to Athens, and recovered the government. But in succeeding ages, beside several other circumstances that... ...brothers would neither dwell in Alba without governing there, nor take the government into their own hands during the life of their grandfather. Havin... ...ealousy, as if he were well pleased at the removal of his copartner in the government. Nothing of these things, however, raised any sort of feud or di...

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...ands. Gov- ernment has brought me forward into prominence. I belong to the government; it is my duty to study its mind, and fur- ther its intentions b... ...; but I ended by seeing what they were, and in approving the action of the government. In the first place, I am a royalist; I was wounded at Saint-Roc... ...xty thousand francs; and, lo! Monsieur now wants to become something under government! Recollect what we are,—perfumers. If sixteen years before you i... ...nt’ like men of the world; how then do you expect that we could succeed in government places? I shall be happy at Les T resorieres, indeed I shall. I ... ...from the shop-door, roused his feeling heart and made him hate a system of government which was ca- pable of shedding blood without repugnance. His co... ..., business affairs stood much in need. At the second Restoration the royal government was obliged to remodel the municipality of Paris. The prefect wi... ... his at- tachment to the Bourbons, and the respect which he en- joyed. The government, wishing on the one hand to cheapen Napoleon’s order by lavishin... ...othing members of the body politic who seem the necessary evil of all good government, and whose love of gambling renders them insatiable. On making t... ...In Italy the young man had dreamed of art; in Paris he thought of fortune. Government alone can pay the needful millions to raise an architect to glor...

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...iberal laywer did harm to the vicar’s cause. Those who were opposed to the government, and all who were known to dislike the priests, or religion (two... ...al opinions were objectionable; you were not following in the lines of the government,—with other re- marks as much involved as if he were addressing ... ...ates either useless or mischievous. We live at a period when the defect of governments is to make Man for Society rather 64 The Vicar of Tours than S...