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Cyclopedia of issues in economics analyzed through the prism of the economies of countries in transition, emerging markets, and developing countries.

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...s the construction of an ad-hoc mini theory. Reality has to be thoroughly surveyed, models constructed, one of them selected (on empirical or aesth... ...n of the "Principal-Agent Problem". It is defined thus by the Oxford Dictionary of Economics: "The problem of how a person A can motivate person B ... ...erwise - in "optimal contracting theory" - just serves to demonstrate how divorced economics is from human psychology and, thus, from reality. Man... ...instances of the Principal-Agent Problem. Economists would do well to discard their models and go back to basics. They could start by asking: Why d... ...he workings of the brain must be the comparison of "representational elements" to "models of the world". Thus, a coherent picture is obtained which... ...lex (the same way all particles are contained in all other particles). Still, these models merely reflect choices of descriptive language, with no b... ...reative drugs sometimes alleviate depression. Should this use be permitted? E Economics, Behavioral Aspects of "It is impossible to describe a... ...the stimulus as well as in the end his response is aiming at." Ludwig von Mises Economics - to the great dismay of economists - is merely a bran... ... the future). Even the authoritative and mainstream 1995 "Handbook of Experimental Economics", by John Hagel and Alvin Roth (eds.) admits that peop...

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...e robots in which they are embedded must be equipped with reasonably comprehensive models of the physical universe and of human society. Without ... ...n Open Directory Cool Site for 8 years. – Philosophy ("Philosophical Musings"), – Economics and Geopolitics ("World in Conflict and Transition"). ... ...y in Israel (1978). Hundreds of professional articles in all fields of finance and economics, and numerous articles dealing with geopolitical and p... ...ia, in Russia, in Egypt and in the Czech Republic. How the West lost the East. The economics, the politics, the geopolitics, the conspiracies, the ...

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... be able to resolve the problem of desire through thinking because of the models of saints who you think have controlled or eliminated desire. If tha... ...omething that cannot be practiced or taught. If you drop the fictitious models of the saint and holy man you are left with the natural biological ... ...e brink of extinction. But biologically, each cell has the wisdom to avoid models and promises and simply, out of sheer survival motives, cooperates ... ...beings and nothing more. It is something like saying that in the field of economics you are not controlled by the laws of supply and demand. But we a... ...hen functions without the interference of thought. Nature does not use models. No two leaves are the same. No two faces are the same. No two huma...

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...ions (sections 203, 304(c), and 304(d)). These existing sections provide models that may be useful in the development of an omnibus orphan works pr... ...ions (sections 203, 304(c), and 304(d)). 99 These existing laws provide models that may be useful in the development of an omnibus orphan works pr... ...r to the orphan works situation. In either instance, they provide useful models for crafting an omnibus orphan works provision. C. Other Relevant L... ...rd A. Posner, Indefinitely Renewable Copyright 22–41 (John M. Olin Law & Economics Working Paper No. 154, 2d Series, 2002), available at http://www...

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...ions (sections 203, 304(c), and 304(d)). These existing sections provide models that may be useful in the development of an omnibus orphan works pr... ...ions (sections 203, 304(c), and 304(d)). 99 These existing laws provide models that may be useful in the development of an omnibus orphan works pr... ...r to the orphan works situation. In either instance, they provide useful models for crafting an omnibus orphan works provision. C. Other Relevant L... ...rd A. Posner, Indefinitely Renewable Copyright 22–41 (John M. Olin Law & Economics Working Paper No. 154, 2d Series, 2002), available at http://www...

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... in Science magazine. The research was headed by 2002 Nobel Prize laureate in economics, Dan- iel Kahneman. 12 Baal HaSulam, Talmud Eser Sefirot (Th... ...Bergstrom, The Evolution of Social Be- haviour: Individual and Group Selection Models, Journal of Eco- nomic Perspectives. Volume 16, Number 2. Spring...

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... the age of twenty-six. It was then that he met and married one of New York’s top fashion models, not so much because he loved her, which he did, bu... ...litary that we needed a missile shield. After that, he became a professor, of all things, Economics, at Harvard. The CIA believed his new chosen pro...

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Critical analysis of the foundations and tenets of capitalism and of the dismal science - economics.

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...ve – Click HERE! ISBN: 9989-929-37-8 http://samvak.tripod.com/guide.html http://economics.cjb.net http://samvak.tripod.com/after.html Create... ...ml Created by: LIDIJA RANGELOVSKA REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA C O N T E N T S I. Economics - Psychology's Neglected Branch II. The Misconception ... ...c of Economic Trust XIX. Scavenger Economies, Predator Economies XX. Notes on the Economics of Game Theory XXI. Knowledge and Power XXII. Market... ... of the Work Ethic XXX. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) – Pros and Cons XXXI. The Economics of Expectations XXXII. Corruption and Transparency XX... ...n XXXVIII. The Morality of Child Labor XXXIX. Law and Technology XL. The Author Economics - Psychology's Neglected Branch By: Dr. Sam Vaknin ... ...tures in economics - or something is very flawed with the intellectual pillars and models of this field. Neo-classical economics has failed on sev... ...y be too multi-dimensional and hyper- complex to be usefully captured by econometric models. These either lack predictive powers or lapse into logica... ...nstitutes their subject matter. Is economics about the construction and testing of models in accordance with certain basic assumptions? Or should i... ... data form a questionable foundation for any kind of "science". On the other hand, models based on assumptions are also in doubt because they are b...

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...they happen to be mathematical tools which can give the hidden pattern of the problem under investigation. This book, in order to generalize the two models, has systematically invented mathematical tools like bimatrices, trimatrices, n-matrices, bigraphs, trigraphs and n-graphs and describe some of its properties. These concepts are also extended neutrosophically in this...

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... APPLICATIONS OF BIMATRICES TO SOME FUZZY AND NEUTROSOPHIC MODELS W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics India... ... Bimatrices 23 Chapter Three APPLICATION OF BIMATRICES TO NEW FUZZY MODELS 3.1. Definition of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps 71 3.2. Fuzzy Cognit... ...NEUTROSOPHIC BIGRAPHS THEIR GENERALIZATIONS AND APPLICATIONS TO NEUTROSOPHIC MODELS 4.1 Some Basics of Neutrosophic graphs 151 4.2 Neutrosophi... ...f the problem under investigation. This book, in order to generalize the two models, has systematically invented mathematical tools like bimatrices... ... and trigraphs. It is worth mentioning that these can be extended to n-array models as a simple exercise. The main advantage of these models are: ... ...Selected Essays on Decision Science (Dept. of Decision Science and Managerial Economics), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 129-142, 1993. 86. ...

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...real-world problems. When uncertainty is modeled we use fuzzy theory and when indeterminacy is involved we use neutrosophic theory. Most of the fuzzy models which deal with the analysis and study of unsupervised data make use of the directed graphs or bipartite graphs. Thus the use of graphs has become inevitable in fuzzy models. The neutrosophic models are fuzzy models th...

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...ophic Algebraic Structures and Their Application to Fuzzy and Neutrosophic Models W. B. Vasantha Kandasamy Department of Mathematics Indian ... ...er Two SOME BASIC RESULTS ON GRAPH THEORY AND THEIR APPLICATION TO FUZZY MODELS 2.1 Some basics on Graphs 18 2.2. More Properties on Graph... ...nian Graphs 44 2.7 Graph Colorings 52 2.8 Application of Graphs to Fuzzy Models 56 Chapter Three NEUTROSOPHIC GRAPHS AND THEIR APPLICATIO... ...Chapter Three NEUTROSOPHIC GRAPHS AND THEIR APPLICATION TO NEUTROSOPHIC MODELS 3.1. Neutrosophic point / vertex Graphs and its properties 6... ...tersen Graphs 89 3.7. Application of neutrosophic graphs to neutrosophic models 91 3.8. Neutrosophic Models versus Fuzzy models 124 Chapter... ...lected Essays on Decision Science (Dept. of Decision Science and Managerial Economics), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, (1993), 129-142. 38. L...

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... or by any Means, without the prior written permission of the Author or New Economics publishers. © Mark W Medley 2009 Contact the Author at : ... .... This is a dangerous message that only discredits the principles of modern economics that main street live by, whilst larger Corporations have a d... ...ney is simply considered of lesser value, and loses its value. The history of economics, has seen many examples of where the printing of money faile... ...er price. Flooding markets open to these products, whilst offering more basic models of previous products at lower prices. 4. Cost Cutting In o... ... out a cycle of Stagflation in the 1970’s was simply by implementing “Voodoo” Economics during the Reagan years. Reducing Tax rates, and cutting dow... ...ed to reinvent Capitalism, because the old system did not work. What economic models are current Governments looking at? Old ideas for a new crisis... ... in reality created insolvent economies in both the USA, and Europe. So what models are these pre- October 2008 Leaders looking at, and will they su... ... pre- October 2008 Leaders looking at, and will they succeed?. Keynesian Economics is the order of the day in most Countries that face bankrupt... ...Germany was. 34 Current Governments actually have no real economic models to look back on, and few economists and Political Leaders have ...

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...This book examines the economics of the postal sector through three lenses: snapshot and trends, models, and opportunities. In the years to come, the Universal Postal Union plans to develop its role as a knowledge centre for the postal sector from ...

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...ENTS INTRODUCTION Development strategies for the postal sector: an economic perspective José Ansón and Matthias Helble CHAPTER 1 Postal economics and statistics for strategy analysis – The long view José Ansón and Matthias Helble CHAPTER 2 Postal economics and statistics for strategy analysis – The short view Joëlle Toledano Bialot CHAPTER 3 S...

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The securities industry, its markets, instruments (equity, debt, derivatives), trading strategies, underlying economic models, and future.

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...rivatizing with Golden Shares XI. The Future of the Accounting Profession XII. The Economics of Expectations XIII. Anarchy as an Organizing Princip... ...c of Economic Trust XVI. The Distributive Justice of the Market XVII. Notes on the Economics of Game Theory XVIII. The Spectrum of Auctions XIX. D... ...by three cash flows: (i) The firm's future cash flows (incorporated into valuation models, such as the CAPM or FAR) (ii) Future cash flows in secur... ...logy and wherever and whenever humans are involved, answers don't come easy. A few models have been developed and are in wide use but it is difficu... ... say that any of them has real predictive or even explanatory powers. Some of these models are "technical" in nature: they ignore the fundamentals o... ...odels are "technical" in nature: they ignore the fundamentals of the company. Such models assume that all the relevant information is already incor... ...7, Marti G Subrahmanyam, the Indian-born Charles E Merrill professor of Finance and Economics in the Stern School of Business at New York Universit... ...ce from Hong Kong", the authors, Michael D. McKenzie or RMIT University - School of Economics and Finance and Olan T. Henry of the University of Me... ...omics and Finance and Olan T. Henry of the University of Melbourne - Department of Economics, unequivocally state: "The results suggest (i) that t...

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...odern philosophy: The philosophy of science and religion, the cognitive sciences, cultural studies, aesthetics, art and literature, the philosophy of economics, the philosophy of psychology, and ethics....

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...s the construction of an ad-hoc mini theory. Reality has to be thoroughly surveyed, models constructed, one of them selected (on empirical or aesth... ...n of the "Principal-Agent Problem". It is defined thus by the Oxford Dictionary of Economics: "The problem of how a person A can motivate person B ... ...erwise - in "optimal contracting theory" - just serves to demonstrate how divorced economics is from human psychology and, thus, from reality. Man... ...instances of the Principal-Agent Problem. Economists would do well to discard their models and go back to basics. They could start by asking: Why d... ...he workings of the brain must be the comparison of "representational elements" to "models of the world". Thus, a coherent picture is obtained which... ...lex (the same way all particles are contained in all other particles). Still, these models merely reflect choices of descriptive language, with no b... ...reative drugs sometimes alleviate depression. Should this use be permitted? E Economics, Behavioral Aspects of "It is impossible to describe a... ...the stimulus as well as in the end his response is aiming at." Ludwig von Mises Economics - to the great dismay of economists - is merely a bran... ... the future). Even the authoritative and mainstream 1995 "Handbook of Experimental Economics", by John Hagel and Alvin Roth (eds.) admits that peop...

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...s itself to applications to several fields like coding or communication theory, Markov chains, representation of groups and graphs, Leontief economic models and so on. This book has for the first time, introduced a new algebraic structure called linear bialgebra, which is also a very powerful algebraic tool that can yield itself to applications. With the recent introduct...

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...ry, Markov chains, representation of groups and graphs, Leontief economic models and so on. This book has for the first time, introduced a new alge... ...eutrosophic bivector spaces. Their 6 probable applications to real-world models are discussed. We have aimed to make this book engrossing and ill... ...ng ones. Further we deal with a Smarandache analogue of Leontief economic models. 1.3.1 Smarandache Markov chains Suppose a physical or a mat... ... develop results in this direction. 1.3.2 Smarandache Leontief economic models Matrix theory has been very successful in describing the interr... ...outputs and demands in an economic model. Here we just discuss some simple models based on the ideals of the Nobel-laureate Wassily Leontief. Two t... ...t-output model and the open or production model each of which assumes some economics parameter which describe the inter relations between the indust...

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...re needs and social service requirements. This allows lifestyle to provide the best measure of planning & forecast over today’s ‘comparison shopping’ models. ROOPA highlights the number of savings and other advantages gained from this dual track of lifestyle and its corresponding social costs models. “The ‘social cost’ of obesity averages around $150 billion a year. This c...

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...ative Studies of 84 The Social Cost of Prostitution 84 Chapters 8 84 Comparative Studies of 84 The Social Cost of Illicit Sex 84 Section VII 85 Economics of Love & Hate 85 & other Early Writings from VNN 85 February 14, 1999 VNN3042 86 What Is Love Anyway? 86...

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... When considering external restraints to growth, the need for “development models”, “financing channels”, “trained personnel to offer professional lo... ...ystems in their economy (Figure 21). Lack of successf ul develop ment models Poor financing capabilit y and lack of financing channels Lac... ...t at recent changes in globalization, business practices and supply chain models with anecdotal reference. For instance, whereas many manufactures i... ... Supply-chain connectivity across APEC. Pg. 6 by, Centre for International Economics, Canberra & Sydney, June 2009. 31 that education and inform... ...ustry are coming from changing global value chains, and emerging business models. Yet with limited education/training resources and few models avail... ...s reported by Prof. Lauri Ojala & Dr. Harri Lorentz of the Turku School of Economics, Finland in their presentation Towards an improved methodology i... ...Average, 3: Strong 5.5.1 Different business environment in various APEC Economics ( ) 5.5.2 Different import/export processing requirements in... ... ) 5.5.2 Different import/export processing requirements in various APEC economics ( ) 5.5.3 Lack of standard int’l logistics standard in APEC ... ... / 41 information regarding import/export procedures in other APEC Economics. Gov’t offered Training / Publications / Web / Other:____...

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...ers: 1) Liu Feng, School of Information, Xi'an University of Finance and Economics, (Xi'an caijing xueyuan), No.44 Cuihua Nan Road, (cuihua nanlu 4... ...The author is also thankful to Dr. Jefferey Kline, Associate Professor of Economics, School of Business, Bond University for his thoughtful insights ... ...rationality underlies most of the theoretical constructs making up modern economics. The basic assumption is that all human beings, when faced with a... ...ple who will happily set off in their cars without a thought! The economics of general insurance works on the basic principle of risk shiftin... ...k-return trade-off in some of the most celebrated modern portfolio theory models (e.g. Markowitz, 1952; Sharpe, 1964; Ross, 1976 etc.). Also it may ... ...y theory and classical thermodynamics in so far as that both neoclassical economics and classical thermal physics seek to model natural systems in t... ...or part of the work attempts to build on existing, established theoretical models by incorporating additional mechanisms within the existing framewor... ...n the existing framework. Though based extensively on intuitive-cognitive models, our approach is predominantly numerate and substantiated by rigoro... ...ely, there is no straightforward method to distinguish linear time series models (H 0 ) from non-linear alternatives (H A ). The approach generally t...

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...f Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) 7 1.2 Fuzzy Cognitive Maps – Properties and Models 10 1.3 Some more illustrations of FCMs 26 1.4 Applications of FCMs... ...3 1.5 Definition and Illustration of Fuzzy Relational Maps (FRMs) 93 1.6 Models illustrating FRM and combined FRMs 96 1.7 Linked Fuzzy Relational M... ...call the definition of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps, suggest properties about FCM models and give illustrations. We give details about the multifarious appl... ... in this book, include: modeling of supervisory systems; design of hybrid models for complex systems; mobile robots and in intimate technology such ... ...ormalism debate and legal rules; creating metabolic and regulatory network models; traffic and transportation problems; medical diagnostics; simulati... ...cted Essays on Decision Science (Dept. of Decision Science and Managerial Economics), The Chinese University of Hong Kong, (1993), 129-142. 65. L...

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...lex (the same way all particles are contained in all other particles). Still, these models merely reflect choices of descriptive language, with no b... ...g ganzfeld sensory deprivation experiments); (2) The emergence of counter-intuitive models of reality, especially in physics, incorporating such con... ... dimensions, observer effects ("mind over matter"), and creation ex nihilo. These models are badly understood by laymen and have led to the ostens... ...re weak refutations. They apply with equal force to the social "sciences" (e.g., to economics and psychology) and even to more robust fields like bi... ...vision. They yield new problems. They are proven erroneous and are replaced by new models which offer better explanations and a more profound sense... ... Instrumentalists and positivists ignore the fact that predictions are derived from models, narratives, and organizing principles. In short: it is t... ...i-Semitism - supplanted magic and alchemy. Fantastic beliefs permeate the fields of economics, sociology, and psychology, for instance. The effects ... ... An Open Directory Cool Site for 8 years. Philosophy ("Philosophical Musings"), Economics and Geopolitics ("World in Conflict and Transition"). ... ...y in Israel (1978). Hundreds of professional articles in all fields of finance and economics, and numerous articles dealing with geopolitical and p...