...trosophic statistics. This representation is closer to the human mind reasoning. It characterizes/catches the imprecision of knowledge or lingu... ... 1 + 0. The atom's structure holds in the history of any idea. The reasoning is based upon the analysis of positive, negative, and neutral pr... ...d in itself, and action, and movement, and general theory, and process of reasoning. This approach differs from neutrosophism, which is a point of v... ...} – which occurs in rare/absolute exceptions, by means of formal rules of reasoning of this neutrosophic philosophy. The logical cogitation's ... ...from two different sources. Belief function is a connection between fuzzy reasoning and probability. The Dempster- Shafer Theory of Belief Functions ... ... A formal system comprises a formal language (alphabet and grammar) and a deductive apparatus (axioms and/or rules of inference). In a formal syste...