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...nsifer The Prolongation of the United States in Vietnam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Earl H. Tilford, Jr. The Soviet War in Afghanistan . . . . . . . . .393 Stephen Blank Northern Ireland: A Prolonged Conflict . . . .421 Benjamin Kline Tentative Observations and Conclusions . . 449 Constantine P. Danopoulos with Rebecca R. Ruelas...

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...etnam . . . . . 371 Earl H. Tilford, Jr.The Soviet War in Afghanistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Stephen BlankNo... ...untering another Vietnam. Nor are wealone. The Soviets met their Vietnam in Afghanistan; theSouth Africans experienced theirs in Angola; and the Niger... ... 1PROLONGED WARS More recently, the Soviets got bogged down in Afghanistan,and, as in the case of the United States in Vietnam, a newSovi... ...c government in Tehran. RobertG. Neumann, a former US ambassador to Morocco,Afghanistan, and Saudi Arabia, noted that “quite apart fromthe long histor... ...n took an uncompromising positionwith respect to the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan. Tehransupported the Mujahedin against the Soviet-backed Kabul... ...ranted him asylum (along with perks usuallyreserved for heads of states and monarchs) after he wasexpelled from Lebanon. The two most important player...

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... Macauley, 1833 On New Years Eve 1600, that most esteemed of English monarchs,Queen Elizabeth I, read the document prepared by her merchants ... ...curved swords at their sides. ‘The Rohillas,’ explained John MacGregor, ‘the Afghan cavalry of theNawab; ferocious-looking lot, are they not, but goo... ...nth of fasting. ‘As for the Nawab, now what can I tell you? His ancestor, an Afghanmercenary, came to India with the armies of the first Moghul Badsh... ... simple, were of good quality. Helooked quite noble and she guessed he was an Afghan, perhaps a tribalchief. She tried to persuade him to accompany th... ...am a Khan, a man of some importance in my country andanyone on the borders of Afghanistan will recognise that engraving. If youever need my assistance... ... 154 THE CURSE OF KALI ‘Our handsome Afghan was so entranced with his rescuer when Helen’smedical skill reviv...

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...ns. 14Yet the slogan is:All men are equal.A small Afghan girl,Sells burgers, earns rupees,She is a refugee,Whom should she tr... ...ual!Sounds good to the ear,And pleasing to the eyes,But, are all equal?The Afghan girl replied:"My burgers, they are swell.”(17) AN AFGHAN GIRL’S QUES... ...y burgers, they are swell.”(17) AN AFGHAN GIRL’S QUESTIONSI met the little Afghan girl again,The girl who sells burgers and tea,Saddened and pale she ... ...e odds is my rhyme,O Lord, be there for me at the right time.(61) WITH THE AFGHAN GIRL-III went to the house of the Afghan girl,The girl who sells bur... ...about me and my family.Then he asked about his land,The land he was born - Afghanistan,He was surprised to hear about refugees,Still pouring into Paki... ...ffer,Are removed out of the way.Might is the New World Order,As always the monarchs are out, 55To create chaos, disorder,And ...

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... Terrorist Attack (February 2016)The United States has Spent 35 Billion $ in Afghanistan Saudi Arabia Faces the Arab Spring The European Div... ...ans, and also the American Christians, supporting the Muslims ofPakistan and Afghanistan in order to drive away from Central Asia theRussian Christian... ...amic Monarchies are countries where the Koran is the law and they havekings (monarchs) as their leaders. Islamic Republics are the equivalent of theco... ...e Kazakh oil and Turkmen natural gas toIndia and the Indian Ocean. From 1996 Afghanistan was the base of Osamabin Landen.Map 1The Foreign Affairs arti... ...e a common hatredfor the US. I must add that the TAPI pipeline (Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India), promoted by the US and India, hurts both the... ...Central Asia, Angola and Mozambique in SouthAfrica, Ethiopia in West Africa, Afghanistan in Central Asia, Mongolia inEast Asia, and Vietnam, Laos and ... ...issatisfaction inside their own countries.”Obama’s comments angered the Arab monarchs, including the leaders of Saudi Arabia,the United Arab Emirates ...

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...So-Manat, or Somnath. The warrior king Mahmud, who built an empirefrom the Afghan city of Ghazni, waged the first jihad in the heart ofIndia. His most... ...lamic temporalground to the very peoples - the Turks, the Persians and the Afghans -they had coerced into their faith. It’s the irony of history that ... ...ters they used to be. So, when Mahmud’s father wasbuilding border roads in Afghanistan to enable his son to war his wayinto Somnath, there was no Chan... ...egional shells of self-destruction. Itwas into this India in coma that the Afghan Armageddon of Mahmud of 140Ghazni had a cake... ... 156The Number Game The Number Game “If the Mughal monarchs had assumed their responsibilities asMuslim rulers and organized i... ...industan into minor kingdomsand tiny principalities that enabled the Turko-Afghan juggernaut tooverrun its Western and the Northern parts to begin wit... ...h for a lack of 159‘intensive tabliq by the Mughal monarchs’. But what if, had the jihadi zeal of the Musalmans to plunder ‘...

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...e place So-Manat, or Somnath. The warrior king Mahmud, whobuilt an empire from the Afghan city of Ghazni, waged the first jihad in the heart ofIndia. ... ...e pan-Islamic temporal ground to the verypeoples - the Turks, the Persians and the Afghans - they had coerced into their faith. It’sthe irony of histo... ...se ministers they used tobe. So, when Mahmud’s father was building border roads in Afghanistan to enable hisson to war his way into Somnath, there was... ... theirregional shells of self-destruction. It was into this India in coma that the AfghanArmageddon of Mahmud of Ghazni had a cakewalk for unleashing ... ...e succeeded in subjugating the Musalmans!Chapter 22The Number Game “If the Mughal monarchs had assumed their responsibilities as Muslim rulers andorg... ...ion of Hindustan into minor kingdoms and tiny principalitiesthat enabled the Turko-Afghan juggernaut to overrun its Western and the Northernparts to b...

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...nstance, has some military aspects, as in the cam-paign to deny al-Qaeda a sanctuary in Afghanistan, but it is alsosignificantly an intelligence and la... ... follow, is similar in nature. As theunfolding situations (at this writing) in Iraq and Afghanistan illus-trate, important parts of implementing strat... ...tnewer contingency—more- or less-conventional wars againstsmaller powers (e.g., Iraq or Afghanistan)—will be includedwith the third category since the... ...ies in Europe (England being a “semi exception”). The dy-nastic armies supporting these monarchs fought wars for whatcan only be classified as dynastic... ...idder regardless of nationality, dominated many Euro-pean armies. To fill out the ranks, monarchs were often forcedto impress nonmercenaries, drawing t... ...from its army except in supporting it through tax leviesof one sort or another. Second, monarchs hesitated to put theirarmies at serious risk because ... ...edonly by their means, not by their objectives or commitment.The same held true for the Afghans fighting the Soviets. 10 ... ...ve been in struggles thatwere much shorter and smaller—Iraq (twice), Bosnia, Kosovo,and Afghanistan. In each of these cases, the entire military con-f...

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...en fied tower in the center that served mined sum shall be set aside year-home to 39 monarchs. as the living quarters for the lord. ... ...laskanpanions. Recognizing similarities The Genetic and Endocrinic Ba- Malamute, Afghan Hound, Saluki.in phenotype, people began breed- ...

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...ey will not bear to be ill governed.In some of the Oriental monarchies, in Afghanistan for example, thoughthere exists nothing which an European publi... ...shed for the public benefit; and the sanction of those rulesis, that every Afghan approves them, and that every Afghan is asoldier.The monarchy of Eng... ...those associations whichhad been created by the noble bearing of preceding monarchs, andwhich were in themselves no inconsiderable fence to royalty.Th... ... Runjeet Sing, and is now destined toadorn the hideous idol of Orissa. The Afghan soon followed tocomplete the work of the devastation which the Persi... ...ousand men, of various races and religions, Mahrattas, Rohillas,Jauts, and Afghans, were speedily assembled round him; and heformed the design of over... ...army, lay at that time on the frontier of Bahar. Hehad been joined by many Afghans and Mahrattas, and there was nosmall reason to expect a general coa... ...ssive encroachments theseofficials became at length more powerful than the monarchs, whomthey finally ousted.Mazarin(e) Cardinal, chief minister of Fr...

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...st dictators of North Africa and theMiddle East, who overturn the pro-West monarchs and aligned theircountries with the Soviet Union. Right from the s... ...he 80s, where they fought against the Soviets during theSoviet invasion of Afghanistan. Some of these fighters later became Al-Qaeda members after the... ...f these fighters later became Al-Qaeda members after the Soviets left from Afghanistan, and the ones fromLibya were in 2011 among the protagonists whe... ...imated tobe at least 500) to join the mujahideen fighting Soviet forces in Afghanistan. Somereturned to Libya in the early 1990s; others traveled to t... ...with the names of LIFG operativesand other Libyan Islamists who trained in Afghanistan, as well as dossiers on LIFGleaders living in the UK. In light ... ...rs on LIFGleaders living in the UK. In light of the central role of Libyan Afghans in al-Qaeda, thiswas a major intelligence windfall for the Bush adm...

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...untries, and also the rich political elites of these countries, plusthe rich monarchs of the world, in order to prove that more socialist is thesoluti... ...an was also fighting India together with China. During theSoviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, the Americans, the Chinese, theArabs of the Gulf and... ...stanis were supporting the islamists ofAfghanistan against the communists of Afghanistan, who were supported byIndia and the Soviets.During the 20th C... ...nting on Pakistan to use its great influence inorder to promote stability in Afghanistan, so that the oil and natural gas ofKazakhstan and Turkemenist... ...ion dollars assistance since2002, in order to help Pakistan enforce peace in Afghanistan. The articlemeans that the US is helping Pakistan in order to... ...ce inAfghanistan, so that the TAPI pipeline can be constructed (Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India). A very difficult task given that the Arabs a...

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...ough most European countrieswere monarchies that prohibited free elections,monarchs fostered national customs, did not goagainst their subjects’ belie... ...rians accounted for26% of illegal immigrants. Actually Syrian, Guineansand Afghans account for 37% of illegal immigrants,who are mostly men. ... ... declared that hewanted to kill soldiers because they had taken part inthe Afghanistan War and used to kill Muslims. In aletter found in his bag, he w... ...ag, he wrote that he was an AlQaeda soldier who fought for the sake of his Afghanbrothers, but why did he kill children? In fact, he didnot care about...

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...e (England being a semiexception). The dynasticarmies that supported these monarchs fought wars for whatcan only be classified as dynastic objectives ... ...es. Suchmercenary forces were expensive to maintain. To fill out theranks, monarchs were forced to impress nonmercenaries,drawing them primarily from ... ... except in supporting it through taxlevies of one sort or another. Second, monarchs hesitated toput their armies at serious risk because of the time a... ...means, not by their objectives or commitment. The samehas been true of the Afghans fighting the Soviets. The reversalof the 200-year trend toward tota... ...wittingly placed itselfin a position similar to that of eighteenth-century monarchswho hesitated to risk their small and expensive forces inbattle. ...

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...ated deaths in any single year. In 2003, SIPRI counted 9such conflicts in Afghanistan, Algeria, Burundi, Colombia, In-dia (Kashmir), India-Pakistan, ... ...enever they have a prospect of getting anything by it; nay, that absolute monarchs will often make war when their nations are to get nothing by it, ... ...por-tance of focusing deterrence on individuals. Jay believed thatabsolute monarchs often make war “for purposes and objects 34 ... ...e because they must bear the burdens themselvesand can vote to avoid them. Monarchs and dictators, by con-trast, can shift the costs of war onto their... ... Libya AR CU 5 2.01 185 Afghanistan TOT CU 3 1.99 186 ... ...nce with Islamic principles, international standards, the rule of law, and Afghan legal traditions Socialist, based on French and Islamic law; judicia... ...Jurisdiction(date admittedto UN) Afghanistana (19 Nov 1946) Albania (14... ...UR EUR WH AF A Jurisdiction Afghanistan Albania Algeria Andorra Angola Antigua and Barbu...

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... the leadership of Namdiwer Royal priest. They arrived at Golku/ Goku in Afghanistan, i.e.,present-day Kabul. Namdivar died there. Before hedied, he... ...Chemjong, 2003b). Their sphere of influence at that time was present-day Afghanistan, Jammu- Kashmir, and Karakoram.While living there, they were di... ...he sixth reason,there was state-level support for Buddhism by variousKirat monarchs, Sen dynasty kings, EmperorHarshavardhana, Kanishka, and Bengal's ... ...nder hisleadership, the Kirats of the Kashi dynasty movedtowards the East (Afghanistan). There was a closed trade between South Persiaand the Dravid... ...tra or Kashi dynasty as Khambongba.They traveled the Ganges from Persia to Afghanistanvia Kabul, then entered the Himalayas, according toChemjong. Yal... ...t history and MudenchungSamba's genealogy. It is true that some of these monarchs latergathered themselves in Tibet and regained control ofthe Kirat... ...ing Chemjong, the historian, noted theKashi dynasty Kirat, which fell from Afghanistan intothe Ganges. In Kirat, they are also known asKashithangba/ K... ...rat history. They find Hang with theirsurname because their ancestors were monarchs(Hang). According to Chemjong, the Kashi dynasty camefrom Munatem... ...people of KiratLimbuwan were on the offensive then. As a result, thefeudal monarchs of Kirat Limbuwan were forced toslander in front of Tibetan rivals...

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...-state conflicts in a variety of countries fromTibet to Algeria, Poland to Afghanistan. The issue is not simply constitutionaland political, but also ... ...eadership for the Ottoman Sultan wasa prominent Islamic reformer, known as Afghani (Jamál ad-Dín Afghání ), whowas also the leading figure urging Shir... ...ríkh-e Mascúd, translated in C.E.Bosworth, The Ghaznavids: Their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran, Edinburgh,1963.2 Lewis, Political Language 50... ...nd of God,” and also to1 Arjomand, Shadow of God 74-76.2 Babayan, Mystics, Monarchs and Messiahs 140.3 Morgan, Medieval Persia 109.4 Arjomand, Shadow ... ...s conqueredall of Iran, including Baghdad in Iraq and Herat in what is now Afghanistan. Healso sent Shiah missionaries into Anatolia and Syria, in a b... ...ted, in order to complete their disgrace (op. cit.111).Babayan, in Mystics Monarchs and Messiahs page L n27, says that practice continuedinto the reig... ...ibility that the works of previous generations of Shiah1 Babayan, Mystics, Monarchs and Messiahs 457-8.2 MacEoin, Charistmatic Authority 158; Arjomand... ... particularly among theSunni minority who were concentrated in what is now Afghanistan. Rebellion inAfghanistan was followed by an invasion that destr... ... ye beloved of the Lord! It is incumbent upon you to be submissive to all monarchs that are just and to show your fidelity to every righteous king. ...

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...3) They lied about Benghazi34) They lied about not restoring drug trade in Afghanistan35) They lied about The War on Drugs and CIA drug smuggling role... ...re clearing out Syria, they're clearing Pakistan; They have alreadycleared Afghan & Iraq; Turkey has long been zio-nazi, has statues everywhere. Saudi... ... had earlier identified himas a handler for ISIS-K, or Wilayat Khorasan in Afghanistan. One of the members of the Crocuscommando told the FSB their “a... ...orms to end them all: ISIS-K.The alleged emir of ISIS-K, since 2020, is an Afghan Tajik, Sanaullah Ghafari. He was not killed inAfghanistan in June 20... ...ISIS operatives from the Al-Tanf base to the easternEuphrates, and then to Afghanistan after the Hegemon’s humiliating “withdrawal”. Project ISIS-Kact... ...laves have always been perceived as a threat to Plantationowners;Emperors; Monarchs; Dictators and other despots and we common folk areperceived by th...

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... Show at Olympia. ‘People did look like their dogs,especially the owners of Afghan hounds!’ They went to the DailyMail Home Exhibition at Olympia, the... ...e he wished to glorify his impossibly long lineof over one hundred Scottish monarchs. Each portrait was painted byJacobus de Wet, who completed the en...

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...chieftain was seated, Andhappy was he whom his proud glances greeted: 'Mid monarchs andchiefs at the great Fes of Tara, Oh! none was to rival the prin... ...th from his thunder-tonedtongue! Till the Indian looks up, and the valiant Afghan Draws his swordat the echo from far Darrynane!But here he is only th...

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...sgust with the world I try to think ofpeople like Malalai Joya, the heroic Afghan activist for peace andwomen’s rights. If she can rise above cynicism... ...s an empty concept. When I read in the paper that the family of aninnocent Afghan man has been killed by an American drone attackI recognize in his de... ...gnoring the“unpeople” and overseeing crimes against humanity. LikeEuropean monarchs in the 18th century, they see politics and war asgames—extremely s...

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...es, a comparison with netic distances were larger than 5: Afghanistan, Andhra Pradesh,FamilyTreeDNA® data reveals the cl... ... and loves his country.ropeans, East Asians, Arabians, Persians, Afghans, Indians and With a minimalistic background in histor... ...ered the theories of Dr Tuan M. Zameer Careem Khan, a Sri Lankan of recent Afghan (Pashtun) descent and hopesmany Sri Lankan historians will elevate t... ....35. The maternal line originates from a India before 500 and migrated to Afghanistan and Persia, wherehigh caste in India. Indeed, a reference marke... ... the will of late KingDharmapala. 22Peiris finds this unusual, but European monarchs always respected and applied local laws, particularly if they had ...

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...m from being President or still giving orders. Even though hemay not be in Afghanistan anymore, plenty of people and governments see him as the Presid... ...前的领地事实为主，领地事实强于滞后的法律事实，具体表述如下： The previous government is a de-jure only. Afghanistan has been captured completely by theTaliban, therefore it sets t... ...e is overwhelming evidence that the Taliban/IEA are in complete control of Afghanistan. Ifwe relied on Diplomatic Recognition for countries, Taiwan wo... ...rwhelming reliable sources that the Taliban/IEA are the de-facto rulers of Afghanistan. （译文：有压倒性的证据表明，塔利班完全控制了阿富汗。如果我们依赖于对国家的外交承认，台湾根本不会提到中华民国。根据用户“G... ...ization by many nations and has a very low popularityamongst the people of Afghanistan. In order for an entity to be considered as a governing body, a... ...on of militant force. We recognize governments that aremonarchies, despite monarchs being not voted for typically. We recognize lots of non-democracti...

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...ed." Haldane Carried little Bertha To Her Crib And Covered her With An Afghan. Then Coming To The Lady'S Side He Took Her Hand AndSaid Gently, A... ... Great Markets Of The World; He HadTo Follow Politicians, Diplomats, And Monarchs Into Their Secret Councils,And Guess At Their Policy In order To...

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...ey can‘t always have things their way because the majorityrules. Hereditary monarchs tend to dislike this theory, but they, as other totalitarian lead... ...ashioned iron-willed kings were never that popular with the peasants.Modern monarchs are not too bad but they cost a lot. Should the people pay millio... ...ne, giving part of it to the Jews, and the American interventionin Iraq and Afghanistan created more hostility. ―George W. Bush thought that by conq... ...ideas far from itsoriginal meaning. 215 ―When the Afghan man who had converted from Islam to Christianity was brought to tri... ...ving up Islam, many thought his predicament was undemocraticin a democracy. Afghanistan had become a democracy, elected its representatives and decide... ...y the Eighth did the same with Catholic books. And what aboutthe Taliban in Afghanistan blowing up the Buddha statues in the Bamiyan Valley?‘ --... ...600% in the last four years, to 150,000. The illegals comefrom the lands of Afghanistan, the former Yugoslavia area, Turkey and other poor countries.F...

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...si tan, near the modern towns of Quetta, Kulli, and Zhob, and in Afghan si tan at Mund gak andi Deh Morasi.13 The Zhob figur... ... or upset the established order of nature. Of th s c ass oi l f monarchs the Mikado or Dairi, the spiritual emperor of Japan, is or ra...

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...ts the information it receives.During the U.S, attack on the Taliban Government, Afghan children did not even flinch when bombs orbullets exploded nea... ...has America sought to spread democracy in the 3rd world? By invading and bombing Afghanistanand Iraq into rubble? By, destroying their infrastructures... ... Chapter Six A: The Beginnings of civilizationCambodia, Vietnam, Somalia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Ethiopia, Nigeria. The Germans tested their own ne... ...t Americansbeing ‘brave’ dropping bombs safely from 35,000 feet to kill innocent Afghani women and children. ByAmerican fighter pilots; supposedly fig... ...or violence and superior dehumanization.America’s bombing campaign in destroying Afghanistan: one of the poorest Nation’s in the world.Destroying its ... ...m underPrince Milan IV Obrenović who thus became King Milan I Obrenović.Serbia's monarchs at the time from the royal House of Obrenović thatmaintained... ...e did not oppose all evil.Instead of calling into question the right of imperial monarchs to rule as literalgods, Franz Ferdinand chose to turn the co...

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...held for a time complete mastery in Delhi. The second of these, a ruthless Afghan soldier, had abruptly en- 145 Burlesques tered the capital; nor was... ...holding him in as painful a bondage as he had suffered under the tyrannous Afghan. As long as these heroes were battling among themselves, or as long ... ...s, whom I chose of the strongest and bravest men in India; chiefly Pitans, Afghans, Hurrumzadehs, and Calliawns: for these are well known to be * Ther... ...complete command of all the Eastern dialects and languages, from Burmah to Afghanistan, to pass scot-free through this somewhat dangerous ordeal. I ha... ...n the opposite bank rise the seven mountains robed in majestic purple, the monarchs of the royal scene. A pleasing poet, Lord Byron, in describing thi... ... my allies round about me. The high contracting Powers came to my bidding: monarchs from all parts of the earth; sover- eigns from the Moon and other ...