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.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix A HISTORY OF DIVISION AND CONFLICT . . . .1 THE DEATH OF YUGOSLAVIA ACCELERATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 DENY FLIGHT: THE DETERRENT USE OF AIRPOWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 OPERATION DELIBERATE FORCE . . . . ....

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... Bombs over BosniaThe Role of Airpower in Bosnia-Herzegovina MICHAEL O. BEALE, Major, USAF ... ...RY OF DIVISION AND CONFLICT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 THE DEATH OF YUGOSLAVIA ACCELERATES . . . . . . . . . . 9 3 D... ...ated Operation Deny Flightat the request of the United Nations (UN) Security Council in April 1993, inresponse to the ongoing war in Bosnia-Herzegovin... ...almost continuous 970-dayaerial presence constituting over 100,000 aircraft sorties. In that time, NATOaircraft dropped more than 3,000 bombs while pa... ...ynationality. Because Serbia and Montenegro are the only republics left in theformer Yugoslavia, now known as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY)... ...ry of the Balkans to distill the important historicalpoints that led to the death of Yugoslavia and the subsequent war in Bosnia.John Allcock of Bradf... ... of swift or authoritative leadership whenever crises might call for it. Breaking in 1948 with the Soviet-sponsored Comintern, or worldwidecommunist m...

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...1 The Demise of Yugoslavia and the Destruction of Bosnia: Strategic Causes, Effects, and Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Dr. Karl Mueller 2 The Planning Background . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Lt Col Bradley S. Davis 3 US and NATO Doctr...

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...Force Base, Alabama January 2000 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataDeliberate force a case study in effective air campai... ...v PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii 1 The Demise of Yugoslavia and the Destruction of Bosnia: Strategic Causes, Eff... ...itary Connection . . 189 Maj Mark C. McLaughlin 8 Aircraft Used in Deliberate Force . . . . . . . . 199 Lt Col Richard L. Sarg... ... iiiChapter Page 9 Weapons Used in Deliberate Force . . . . . . . 257 Lt Col Richard L. S... ...and I-3. xxiii Chapter 1 The Demise of Yugoslavia and the Destruction of Bosnia: Strategic Causes, Effects... ...th century, as some writers have suggested, but it doespredate the breakup of Yugoslavia and the civil war in Bosniathat began in 1992. This chapter l... ...sSoviet allies soon parted ways; Yugoslavia was expelled fromthe Cominform in 1948 for its disobediently militant foreignpolicies and for Tito’s criti... ... -via’s economic system, see also Dennison Rusinow, The Yugoslav Experi-ment, 1948–1974 (London: Hurst, 1977). 12. Although the West welcomed Tito’s w...

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...Akademik nitelikli, her tür bakış açısı ile değerlendirme ve yorumların yer aldığı, “Balkanlarda İslâm: Miadı Dolmayan Umut - Islam in the Balkans: Unexpired Hope” adlı bu çalışma, alanında bu güne kadar yapılmış en kapsamlı eserdir. Eserde ABD, Almanya, Arnavutluk, Bosna-Hersek, Bulgaristan, Hırvatistan, Karadağ, Kosova, Macaristan, Makedonya, Polonya...

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...toman Balkans as a Foreign Country Yabancı Ülke Olarak Osmanlı Sonrası Balkanlar Božidar Jezernik 9 Bosnian Muslims and Their Educational Dillemas in the Austro-Hungarian Period (1878-1918) Bosnalı Müslümanlar ve Avusturya Macaristan Dönemindeki Eğitim İkilemleri (1878-1918) Enes Karic 31 Selanik’te Osmanlı Hâkimiyetinin Son Dönemi Eğitim ve Kültür Hareketleri (18...

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... MİADI DOLMAYAN UMUT IslAM In the BAlkAns UnexpIreD hopeMMİADI DOL... ... UnexpIreD hopeMMİADI DOLMAYAN UMUTİADIIslAM In the BAlkAnsDUnexpIreD hopeOLMAYANUMUT ... ... 4cilt Vakti Azizden Vakti ZelaleteIslAM In the BAlkAnsUnexpIreD hope From Times of Glory to Times... .......................101Islam as a Factor of Political Identities in Former YugoslaviaEski Yugoslavya’da Siyasi Kimlik Unsuru Olarak İslamMiroljub Jevt... ...................469Bulgaristan’da Şumnu Şehrinde “Medresetün Nüvvab”: 1922-1948 “Medresetün Nüvvab” in the City of Shumen in Bulgaria: 1922-1948Osman ... ...f Analysis about the role of Islam in theFormation of Bosnian Identity and Yugoslavian Break-Up ProcessOrkun Elmacıgil .................................. ...aši ..., Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, 1951, pp. 106-180.16 Grace Ellison, Yugoslavia. A New Country and Its People, London: John Lane The Bodley Head... ...мократична България”, Стогодишнината от рождението на Христо Ботев (1848-1948), София, Издателство на БКП, 1949, с. 5.70 Вж. например статията с ... ...мократична България”, Стогодишнината от рождението на Христо Ботев (1848-1948), София, Издателство на БКП, 1949.ДИНЕКОВ, Петър, Възрожденски писател...

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... OF STRATEGIC AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 2 GROPING IN THE DARK: RECONNAISSANCE BEFORE CONTAINMENT, 1945 –1946 . . . . . . 25 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 3 FROM CONTAINMENT TO BERLIN: ORGANIZATIONAL STEPS TO FILL INTELLIGENCE GAPS, 1947–194...

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... A Need to KnowThe Role of Air Force Reconnaissance in War Planning, 1945–1953 JOHN THOMAS FARQUHAR L... ...Farquhar, John Thomas, 1958– A need to know : the role of Air Force reconnaissance in war planning, 1945– 1953 / John Thomas Farquhar. p. ; cm. I... ...ll AFB AL 36112-6615 http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil ii In memory of Ana Jonus 1898–1991 A strong, simple, loving w... ... BERLIN: ORGANIZA- TIONAL STEPS TO FILL INTELLIGENCE GAPS, 1947–1948 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...rld War II, vol. 1, Plans and Early Operations(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948–58), 17–71. 5. Craven and Cate, vol. 1, 597–99; and MacIsaac... ...Forces in World War II, vol. 6, Men andPlanes (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948–1958), 615–16. 28. Assigned to aerial photographic work in 1... ...ed for Soviet radar sites in this un-inhabited area.65 The second project began when Yugoslaviadowned an American C-47 transport in August 1946. The i... ...The in-cident sparked USAFE’s interest in a Ferret program to deter-mine whether the Yugoslavian antiaircraft guns were radarguided.66 Although the pr... ...d episode, USAFE inaugurated an electronicsreconnaissance program in response to the Yugoslavian down-ing of an American C-47 transport.70 USAFE staff...

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...se appellations were mistakenly or deliberately turned into "ethnic"or "political" classifications by early explorers or intelligence agents arriving in those lands ahead of the Russian armies and bureaucrats....

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...sia went through roughly three stages: force of arms and alms; the scholasticist madrasa; Sufism. But the first group to come into contact with Islam in Central Asia were not the Shamanistic or Buddhist Turks. It was the Zoroastrian Persians.22 Within 100 years of the death of the Prophet Muhammad, i.e. by 750, the Muslim Arabs had expanded their political state far beyo...

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...s of Central Asian Islam [127Kb] AACAR Bulletin (of the Association for the Advancement of Central Asian Research) Vol VIII, No. 2, 1995; Reprinted in International Journal of Central Asian Studies Volume 3, 1998; Translation in Central Asia and the Gulf, Masayuki Yamauchi, ed. (Tokyo: Asahi Selected Series, 1995) The Question of "Religious Fundamentalism" in Central A...

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...or private use, circulation and study to include this page verbatim. Those wishing to produce copies for sale in any format mu... ...am [127Kb]AACAR Bulletin (of the Association for theAdvancement of Central Asian Research) Vol VIII, No. 2,1995; Reprinted in International Journal of... ...ian Research) Vol VIII, No. 2,1995; Reprinted in International Journal of Central AsianStudies Volume 3, 1998; Translation in Central Asia andthe Gulf... ...SeyfettinCentral Asian Survey (Oxford) Vol. 3, No. 3, 1985 4 Koprulu/Veles (Yugoslavia) Ottoman Garriso... ...iversity Press,1970) 4 Vols.; Carl Brockelmann, History of the Islamic Peoples, J. Charmichael& M. Perlmann (Tr.) (London, 1948). 7th Printing, 1982.5... ...'s observations is in H. B. Paksoy, Alpamysh, P. 19.80. Tacitus, The Agricola and the Germania, H. Mattingly, Tr. (London, 1948).Pp. 62-63. Agricola w... ...s Chinggiz: "Tangri (God) opened the gate and handed us thereins." See Mogollarin Gizli Tarihi (A. Temir, Trans.) (Ankara, 1948), (P. 227)indicating t... ...guage was a contrived blend of Turkish, Persianand Arabic. 236 KOPRULU/VELES (YUGOSLAVIA) OTTOMAN GARRISO...

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... . . . . . . . 24 Allied Countermeasures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Fratricide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 The US Navy in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . .49 Japanese Antiaircraft Artillery . . . . . . . . . . .53 The Lessons of World War II . . . . . . . . . . .57 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 2 FROM ...

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... 36112-6615 http://aupress.maxwell.af.mil ii In memory of Michael Lewis Hyde Born 14 May 1938... ...hael Lewis Hyde Born 14 May 1938Graduated USAF Academy 8 June 1960 Killed in action 8 December 1966 A Patriot, A Classmate, A FriendTHIS PAGE... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 The US Navy in the Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Japa... ...GULF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Arab-Israeli Wars: 1948, 1956, 1967–1973 . . . 147 The 1973 War . . . ... ...mb and Rocket Offen-sives, 1944–45,” supplement to the London Gazette, 19 October 1948,5587–89; Basil Collier, The Defence of the United Kingdom (Lond... ...al., 56th Fighter Group in World War II (Washington,D.C.: Infantry Journal Press, 1948), 79–81; History, 56th Fighter Group,summary report, 18 Septemb... ... aircraft. The two Watch operations were stillin effect in 2002.38 The breakup of Yugoslavia led to a conflict that drew NATOinto the Balkans. In Apri...

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...Akademik nitelikli, her tür bakış açısı ile değerlendirme ve yorumların yer aldığı, “Balkanlarda İslâm: Miadı Dolmayan Umut - Islam in the Balkans: Unexpired Hope” adlı bu çalışma, alanında bu güne kadar yapılmış en kapsamlı eserdir. Eserde ABD, Almanya, Arnavutluk, Bosna-Hersek, Bulgaristan, Hırvatistan, Karadağ, Kosova, Macaristan, Makedonya, Polonya...

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...ntations of contemporary Turkey, the Ottoman Empire, Islam, and gender through the phenomenon of modern pop culture the case of Turkish soap operas in the Western Balkans Çağdaş Pop Kültürü Aracılığı ile Çağdaş Türkiye, Osmanlı Devleti, İslam ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet ile İlgili Temsiller Batı Balkanlarda Türk Dizi Filmleri Ana Frank 43 Socio-cultural impact of Turkey on...

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... MİADI DOLMAYAN UMUT IslAM In the BAlkAns UnexpIreD hopeMMİADI DOLM... ... UnexpIreD hopeMMİADI DOLMAYAN UMUTİADIIslAM In the BAlkAnsDUnexpIreD hopeOLMAYANUMUT ... ... 5cilt Köprüler Yıkan Zihniyetin YıkılışıIslAM In the BAlkAnsUnexpIreD hope Demolishing Mentality Whi... ...has been realized through agreements like that of 1938 or 1954 (between ex-Yugoslavias and Turkey), but also through pressure and provocations by narr... ... ID card with the lifelong fez that challenged communist Yugoslavia2 On which a documentary was recorded, A Cry from the Grave (199... ...roclaimed atheist state in 1967 - Albania),to the crisis of modernity, the Yugoslavian crisis and the genocides against Bos-nians and Albanians etc. ... ...6% 1912 384,000 33.47% 1921 269,000 31.43% 1948 314,603 27.29% 1953 388,515 29.78% 1961 ... .... Fakat şartlar gereğikanun tam olarak uygulanmamıştır. Ancak 25 Haziran 1948 yılında Gümülcine Müftüsü Hafız Hasan HilmiEfendi’nin vefatından sonra... ...eski eğitim usullerine oranlaarttığı ve hâkim olduğu dönem: Bu dönem, 1912–1948 yılları arasında yavaşyavaş medrese eğitimine son verilmeye başlandığı...

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...The B-52 and Jet Propulsion: A Case Study in Organizational Innovation is a coherent and nonpolemical discussion of the revolution in military affairs, a hot topic in the national security arena. Mark Mandeles examines an interesting topic, how can the military bette...

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...Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataMandeles, Mark David, 1950-The development of the B-52 a... ... David, 1950-The development of the B-52 and jet propulsion : a case study in organizational innovation /Mark D. Mandeles.p. cm.Includes bibliographic... ...tion changed DISCLAIMER This publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in theinterest of academic ... ...red in August 1946; the first production model (B-36A) wasdelivered in May 1948. On shorter missions in the 1,200 to 1,800-mile range, the B-36A could... ...y would detract directly from the Air Force role in atomicwarfare. By June 1948, the atomic bomb production rate had reached two per month, up from on... ...n about weight. 49 Hence, the B-52 bombbay design remained open throughout 1948 to provide for the possibility of a 15,000-pound bombinstead of a 10,0... ...August 1946, when two American C-47 Skytraintransports were shot down over Yugoslavia. The State Department proposed an immediate andaggressive use of...

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...es. Contents: A history of war crimes and their consequences / David A. Hater––The In-ternational Criminal Court : a case of the United States having... ...tentional and are for purposes of illustrationonly. This Fairchild Paper and others in the series are available elec- tronically at the AU Press Web s... ... about the future of the Air Force and the central role of Air University in that future. Contents ... ...anent court, and which was instrumen-tal in establishing the Criminal Tribunals for Yugoslavia andRwanda, voted against the treaty. However, America’s... ...raland examines the predecessors of the ICC: Nuremberg/Tokyo,the ICC for the former Yugoslavia, and the ICC for Rwanda. Theessay then details the inne... ...community because when it came time to dealwith war crimes in Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia, the in-ternational framework was only slightly better ... ...ding in the internationalcommunity. History of the ICC On 9 December 1948, after the completion of the Nurembergand Tokyo War crimes tr... ...60, Convention on thePrevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 9 December 1948. 3. Established in 1947, the International Law Commission is... ...ention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime at Cornu- cide. 9 December 1948.United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314. Definition ...

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... and children are opined to be accorded special respect and protection. Most of today’s conflicts take place within states. They have tragic feature in common, women and children suffer their impact disproportionately. The concept of children’s rights has widened and the international mandate to reinforce the rights of the child has grown over the years, with the mount...

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... has been published by OMICS Group, authors havethe right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author,and to ma... ...itly identify the original source.Notice:Statements and opinions expressed in the book are these of the individual contributorsand not necessarily tho... ...er. No responsibility is accepted for theaccuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes noresponsibility for any d... ...of armed conflict. This principle has been confirmed in the Statutesof the Yugoslavia and Rwanda War Crimes Tribunals and in the Statute of the Intern... ... of InternationalHumanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991 (ICTY Statute), adopted by UN Security CouncilResolut... ...ation by the United Nations ofthe Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948, rules of humanitarian law for internalconflicts within States was ado... ...ovisions are similar to those in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, the International Covenanton Civil and Political Rights 1966, and the... ..., war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanitycommitted in the former Yugoslavia since 199145; and b. in 1994 to deal with genocide, crimes aga... ...://www2.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/47 See, for example, the Genocide Convention 1948, Geneva Convention IV, Articles 13–26 and Additional Protocol I, Artic...

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...In this study Lt Col Joseph M. Codispoti, USAF, describes an emerging partnership between two long-time allies of the United States—Turkey and Israel. On the surface this Muslim-Jewish partnership seems unlikely, particularly...

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... AIR ITY UNIVERS Star and CrescentTurco-Israeli Partnership in a Tough Neighborhood JOSEPH M. CODISPOTI Lieutenant Co... ...XWELL AIR FORCE BASE, ALABAMA AUGUST 2000 This Maxwell Paper, and others in the series, is available electronically at the Air University Re- ... ...ther stable nor sustainable. Perhapsnowhere are these dynamics more evident than in the “arcof crisis,” a region extending from the Balkans throughAsi... ...y by examining relations betweenTurkey and Israel from the founding of Israel in 1948through the 1980s. While relations vacillated during theseearly y... ...ports.Faced with the loss of her primary trading partner, Turkeyturned to Spain, Yugoslavia, and Israel to fill the void.10 By1953 bilateral commerce ... ...n warfare in4 STAR AND CRESCENT1948, 1967, and 1973. The war for independence in 1948was actually a boon for impending relations betweenTurkey and Isr... ...of a Jewishstate in 1947. Unlike the Turks, they vigorously opposedIsrael in her 1948 war for independence by imposing tran-sit restrictions for Israe... ...lend those axes, pro-moting symbiotic relationships between Albania, Macedo-nia, Yugoslavia, and Bulgaria in the Balkans, Azerbaijanand Armenia in the...

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...To lead the US Air Force into the future, it is necessary to understand the past and present nature of the force. With this in mind, Air Force leaders have always sought to arm members of the force with a basic knowledge and understanding of Air Force culture and history. This volume is a contribution to that ongoing educational process, but as ...

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...ing how the US Air Force became what it is today: The most powerful mil-itary force in the history of the world. And as our Air Force continues to gro... ... recent operations, aircraft, and sig-nificant personalities that were not included in the 1999 edition. Additionally, the 1999 edi-tion included sepa... ...edi-tion included separate sections on significant operations and personalities but in this revisededition operations and personalities have been merg... ...7). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Berlin Airlift (1948–49) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... ...States Air A few weeks after Pearl Harbor, in January 1942, Force until 30 April 1948. General Spaatz retired onGeneral Spaatz was assigned as chie... ...eneral Spaatz retired onGeneral Spaatz was assigned as chief of the AAF 30 June 1948. 36 Col Francis S. “Gabby... ...largest ethnic group within Sarajevo was not the only besieged Bosnian Yugoslavia and had most of the political city in danger of ... ... to be dropped from altitudes over 10,000 feetple, and the various republics within Yugoslavia and numerous innovations were required tobegan to... ...erb- While C-130s were the backbone of the Providedominated government of Yugoslavia, under Promise airlift, USAF C-141s, huge C-5...

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...Akademik nitelikli, her tür bakış açısı ile değerlendirme ve yorumların yer aldığı, “Balkanlarda İslâm: Miadı Dolmayan Umut - Islam in the Balkans: Unexpired Hope” adlı bu çalışma, alanında bu güne kadar yapılmış en kapsamlı eserdir. Eserde ABD, Almanya, Arnavutluk, Bosna-Hersek, Bulgaristan, Hırvatistan, Karadağ, Kosova, Macaristan, Makedonya, Polonya...

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...Balkanlarda Altı Asırlık Kurumsal İslâm Six Centuries of Institutional Islâm in Balkans Feti Mehdiu 9 Balkanlarda Tasavvuf ve Tarikatlar Mysticism and Religious Orders in the Balkans Reşat Öngören 27 Balkanlarda İslâmî İlimler ve Orada Yetişen Ünlü Âlimler Islamic Sciences in the Balkans and Ren...

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... MİADI DOLMAYAN UMUT IslAM In the BAlkAns UnexpIreD hopeMMİADI DOLMAYA... ... UnexpIreD hopeMMİADI DOLMAYAN UMUTİADIIslAM In the BAlkAnsDUnexpIreD hopeOLMAYANUMUT ... ... MuhaMMet Savaş KaFKaSYaLI 3ciltIslAM In the BAlkAns Gönül Fethinden Zihniyet TemsilineUnexpIreD ... ...ages established in Balkan countries such as Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Yugoslavia (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croa... ...râmiyye are active on Balkan territory in the cities and villagesof former Yugoslavia which includes countries such as Federal Re-public of Yugoslavia... ...uring the Ottoman era. During the domination of the Austria-Hungary, Yugoslavia domination and the communist regime the applicati- on area of... ...ileananlar sadece Bosna Müslümanlarıdır. İngiliz mandası esnasındaki (1920-1948)Filistin Müslümanların lideri de aynı ünvanı kullanmıştır42. Bu Büyük ... ...e “Lawon Nationalisation of Private Economic Enterprises”30 dated 28 April 1948 andtaken from the Islamic community, and then handed over to the repre... ...Amendments to the Law on Nationalization of Private Economic Enterprisesof 194844 and the Law on Nationalisation of Leased Buildings and ConstructionL...

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...tates. The conclusion is that this industry provides the kind of high-technology, high-wage jobs necessary to improve the nation’s standard of living in the future. Next, the writer evaluates current military strategies against a set of political imperatives and the reliance each strategy has upon aerospace power. The results of this process show that each military service...

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... August 1994 DisclaimerThis publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest ofacademic... ... the advancement of national defense-related concepts. The views ex-pressed in this publication are those of the author and do not reflect the officia... ...AL STRATEGY FOR THE AEROSPACE NATION . . . 31 Trouble in the Aerospace Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Wh... ... overall USeconomy. One key indicator of the industry’s growth is sales. In 1948, the industryhad sales of almost $1.5 billion; by 1991 this figure ex... ...e 1 details this growth in sales that shows almost a 100-fold increasesince 1948. Table 1 Aerosp... ... Govt Agenciesb Customersc Products 1948 1,493 1,182 117 134 ... ...Iraqi Sunnis against their Shia brethren in Iran. Cer­tainly the breakup of Yugoslavia illustrates both the religious and the cul­tural tensions that ... ...d world ethnic violence. Thesouthern border countries of Russia, the former Yugoslavia, and many Afri­can countries are experiencing great unrest and ...

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...cord the mainstream of thought within the United States Air Force (and its predecessors) concerning the role to be played by air and aerospace power in a deadly struggle for national survival . It seeks to trace the development of a theme of institutional thought, describe the organizational framework in which the thinking took place, and identify individual thinkers an...

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... E~f7s?q~E~~'~ Volume IIDEAS, CONCEPTS, DOCTRINE: Basic Thinking in the United States Air Force 1907-1960 ... ... Force Base, Alabama 36112-5532 December 1989Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataFutrell, Robert Frank. Ideas, concepts, doc... ... Fourth Printing September 2002 DisclaimerThis publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interes... ... whichit is operating, at least not a complete set of ideas."3 Moreover, according to a 1948Air University staff study, "the Air Force has never maint... ...technique bywhich that effect is produced.12Still further, an Air University study in 1948 stated that the major "obstacle towriting air force doctr... ...as "derivatives of doctrine and the expressionsof decisions based upon doctrine."23 By 1948 the growth of the Army Air Forces during World War II and... ...occurred in August 1946, when two American C-47s were shot down byCommunist pilots over Yugoslavia and the State Department proposed animmediate and a... ...opoint out that the Air Force was too weak to risk war. In place ofthe show offorceover Yugoslavia, Assistant SecretaryofWar forAir W. Stuart Symingto... ...100: 323XP-37: 83 York, Herbert F . : 590XP-38: 83 Yugoslavia : 216XP-39: 83XP-47: 94Xray : 434XS-1 : 542 ...

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...This thesis focuses on operational-level coalition air force interactions in three conflicts: the Korean War (1950–53), the Persian Gulf War (1990–91), and the Balkan Air Campaign (1992–95). The capability that coalition air forces offer usually benefits the overall effort, while each member’s dive...

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...are. This thesis focuses on operational-level coalition air force interactions in threeconflicts: the Korean War (1950–53), the Persian Gulf War (1990... ...ndintelligence sharing) can affect both capability and will. Because each case in thisthesis had unique elements that may have affected the coalition,... ...mproving our ability tooperate within a coalition. Multinational participation in US-sponsored “flag”exercises and senior officer war-fighting courses... ...n, and Arab states. Even as the GulfWar was winding down, unrest in the former Yugoslavia elicited political, andeventually military, involvement of W... ...e was linked to US interests in containing 9communism. By 1948, Australian plans assumed that the BCOF wouldcooperate with the Un... ...world fixated on the Persian Gulf crisis in late 1990, nationalistmovements in Yugoslavia threatened to divide the ethnically diverse state.After Worl... ... divide the ethnically diverse state.After World War II, Josep Broz Tito ruled Yugoslavia with his strong-handedversion of communism. Tito’s death in ...

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...This study concludes that in order for peacekeepers to achieve their mandate, it is critical to possess strong political will and a minimum of operational support.Furthermore, regional organizations run the gamut in both political will and operational...

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...ING . . . . . 5 REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND PEACEKEEPING . . . . . 13 PERFORMANCE AND POTENTIAL OF REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS. . . . . 19 THE US ROLE IN SUPPORT OF PEACEKEEPING. . . . .33 RECOMMENDATIONS. . . . . 39 CONCLUSION . . . . . 47 BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . 51...

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...IZATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 5 THE US ROLE IN SUPPORT OF PEACEKEEPING . . . . . . . . . 33 6 RECOMMENDATI... ...nvironment for thepolitical settlement of disputes despite the superpower conflict. In the aftermath ofthe cold war, the UN found itself freer to act ... ... In the aftermath ofthe cold war, the UN found itself freer to act than at any time in its history, and thedemands placed on the organization quickly ... ...AS Charter focuses more onthreats external to the hemisphere, but the Rio Treaty of 1948 does addressintrahemispheric security. Article 6 of the Rio T... ... without UNparticipation. “These include conflicts between Costa Rica and Nicaragua(1948–49, 1955–56, 1959), Honduras and Nicaragua (1957), Venezuela ... ... of American States held in 1890. The OASCharter was signed in Bogota, Colombia, in 1948, and it currently comprises35 member-states and 33 states wit... ...echnology. Furthermore, Gen David Ramsbotham, a commander of UN forcesin the former Yugoslavia, lists a number of areas that the military can best hel...

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...a Rangelovska – write to:palma@unet.com.mkVisit the Author Archive of Dr. Sam Vaknin in "Central Europe Review":http://www.ce-review.org/authorarchive... ...sit Sam Vaknin's United Press International (UPI) Article Archive – Click HERE!World in Conflict and Transitionhttp://samvak.tripod.com/guide.htmlCrea... ... E N T S THE ECONOMYI. Macedonian Snapshot 2008-2009II. Interview in "Nova Makedonija - Sabota"III. Interview in DeloIV. Int... ...Spain and, seven decades earlier, in the United States.Czechoslovakia, the USSR, and Yugoslavia implodedupon becoming democratic, having survived inta... ...nated in denars tend to rise all the time.Indeed, many countries - from Argentina to Yugoslavia -succeeded to reduce hyper-inflation drastically merel... ... Bulgaria and Cyprus. Compared to these -and compared to Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina,Yugoslavia and even Croatia - Macedonia is moreadvanced. It is mo... ... ceases toexist?To answer these questions, I will analyze three cases:Israel between 1948-1968, Great Britain during the new"Labour" era (the "brandin... ...ia.I. The Case of IsraelThe small (20,700 sq. km.) State of Israel was establishedin 1948. Its very establishment was a brilliant geopoliticaland poli...

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...The author contends that urban terrain has become the preferred battlespace of US adversaries in the early twenty-first century. This environment poses unique challenges, especially to air and space warfare. The difficulty of sorting friendlies from enemy combatants, the latter intermingled with large numbers of nonco...

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...l Air Force Base, Alabama September 2004 This Maxwell Paper and others in the series are avail- able electronically at the Air Univer... ...ommander a set of bestpractices for conducting counterland operations on urbanterrain. In this study, Lt Col Todd Kemper, USMC, arguesthat aviation ur... ...hor contends that urbanterrain has become the preferred battlespace of US adver-saries in the early twenty-first century. This environmentposes unique... ... 1945Manila 1945 San Manuel 1945Berlin airlift 1948–49 Seoul 1950Budapest 1956 ... ... over 38,000 sor-ties in a 78-day campaign against the forces of the formerRepublic of Yugoslavia and their leader, Slobodan Milosevic.The first part ... ...er alsocomplicated target acquisition and combat ID. Forces of the former Republic of Yugoslavia used CCD ex-tensively to complicate allied targeting...

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...600 cases over a period of 64 years during which pilots reported the presence of one or more aerial phenomena Unidentified (PAN) during their flight. In 443 cases (74%), the PAN has been described as "Objects" (circular in 42% of cases) rather than as light sources. In 162 cases (27%), visual observation is confirmed by radar detection (ground or embedded). This report spe...

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...s of a comprehensive review of 600 cases, over a period ofsixty-four years in which pilots have reported the presence of one or more unidentified aeri... ... presence of one or more unidentified aerialphenomena (UAP) during flight. In 443 cases (74%) these UAP are described as “objects” (42%circular-shaped... ...bed as “objects” (42%circular-shaped) more than as point sources of light. In 162 cases (27%), the visual observation isconfirmed by detection by grou... ... 2 1979 15 1995 8 1948 7 1964 3 1980 1... ... Korea Nord/Sud (KO) 11 Mexico (MX) 8 Yugoslavia (YU) 5 Costa Rica (CR) ... ...ontact Reports Generally Related to Aviation Safety for the Period October 1948 to September 1976.NARCAP TR-6, 2002.Smith, W., “On Pilots and UFOs”, U...